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- 1. Open EndedA lesion located in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast is located in the 1. 5-o'clock position 2. 2-o'clock position 3. 10-o'clock position 4. 7-oc'clock position
- 2. Open EndedMorgagni tubercles are usually found 1. on the nipple 2. on the lateral border of the breast 3. in the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) 4. on the skin of the areola
- 3. Open EndedAn inverted nipple 1. always indicates breast cancer 2. sometimes indicates breast cancer 3. never indicates breast cancer 4. usually indicates breast cancer
- 4. Open EndedCompression of the breast is most effective and most comfortable when applied against the 1. medial and lateral aspects 2. inferior and superior aspects 3. medial and superior aspects 4. inferior and lateral aspects
- 5. Open EndedThe normal breast may have 1. 0-5 lobes 2. 15-20 lobes 3. 30-40 lobes 4. 340-350 lobes
- 6. Open EndedThe structure that gives the breast its support and shape is called 1. Montgomery ligament 2. Cooper ligament 3. fibroglandular tissue 4. fatty tissue
- 7. Open EndedThe breast extends vertically from the 1. first through the ninth rib 2. second through the tenth rib 3. second through the sixth rib 4. third through the tenth rib
- 8. Open EndedThe thickest portion of the breast is the 1. areola 2. nipple 3. tail of Spence 4. inframammary crease
- 9. Open EndedCooper ligaments attach anteriorly to the 1. deep fascia of the lobes 2. fascia of the skin 3. posterior surface of the breast 4. connective and supporting stroma
- 10. Open EndedFatty tissue is generally ____ and is seen on the mammo as areas of ____ optical density: 1. radiolucent/ lower 2. radiopaque/ higher 3. radiolucent/ higher 4. radiopaque/ lower
- 11. Open EndedTypically, a patient with dense fibrous and glandular tissue throughout the entire breast on a baseline mammogram is 1. age 20 or younger 2. between 50 and 60 3. above 70 4. below 45
- 12. Open EndedGlandular tissue is usually found in the ____ of the breast. 1. medial and lower inner quadrant 2. central and upper outer quadrant 3. medial and lower outer quadrant 4. central and upper inner quadrant
- 13. Open Ended13. Lymph drainage from the medial half of the breast is generally directed to the (A) internal mammary lymph nodes (B) external mammary lymph nodes (C) axillary lymph nodes (D) mediastinal nodes
- 14. Open EndedImmediately behind the nipple, the connective duct widens to form the 1. lactiferous sinus 2. ampulla acinus 3. TDLU 4. segmental duct
- 15. Open EndedThe portion of the breast that holds the milk-producing element is the 1. ampulla 2. segmental duct 3. lobule 4. lactiferous sinus
- 16. Open EndedVeins are normally located 1. in the periphery of the breast 2. central areas of the breast 3. in the axilla area of the breast 4. in the medial areas of the breast
- 17. Open EndedThe TDLU consists of the 1. mammary ducts and the extralobular terminal ducts (ETDs) 2. intralobular terminal duct (ITD) and the segmental ducts 3. the ETDs and the lactiferous ducts 4. both the ETDs and the ITDs
- 18. Open EndedA pt began taking synthetic hormones 6 months prior to her current mammogram. The mammogram is most likely to 1. be unchanged from the previous year 2. show increased glandular tissue compared to her previous mammogram 3. show decreased glandular tissue compared to her previous mammogram 4. show increased fatty tissue compared to her previous mammogram
- 19. Open EndedA baseline mammogram shows that the pt's breast consists primarily of adipose tissue. This pt is most likely to be 1. on hormone therapy 2. above 60 3. below 20 4. above 35
- 20. Open EndedA pt is to have a routine baseline mammogram, but it is determined that the woman is lactating. What should be done and why? 1. Lactating breasts are extremely sensitive to compression; the mammogram should be postponed. 2. The mammogram should be done; radiation has no effect on lactation. 3. Although lactating breasts are extremely dense, the mammogram should not be rescheduled. 4. Lactation causes increased glandularity; the mammogram should be postponed.
- 21. Open EndedThe craniocaudad mammograms of the same woman prior to menopause and 1 year after the onset of menopause are compared. The woman has never taken synthetic hormones. What is the most likely difference? 1. The mammogram taken prior to menopause shows signs of atrophy. 2. the mammogram taken after the onset of menopause shows signs of atrophy. 3. There will be little or no change in the glandularity of the breast. 4. The mammogram taken after menopause will show increased glandularity.
- 22. Open EndedWhich of the following will affect the ratio of glandular tissue to total breast tissue? 1. the woman's genetic predisposition 2. ratio of total body adipose tissue to total body weight 3. drastic weight gain or weight loss 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1, 2, and 3
- 23. Open EndedHormone replacement therapy could be recommended to? 1. relieve insomnia symptoms 2. prevent osteoporosis 3. reduce weight gain 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1, 2, and 3
- 24. Open EndedA woman is referred to as "nullipara". This means 1. she has never given birth to a viable offspring 2. the woman has had only one child 3. the woman has given birth to more than one viable offspring 4. she carried a pregnancy past the point of viability regardless of the outcome
- 25. Open EndedAn asymptomatic pt presents with an oval, lobulated tumor with unsharp margins. There is no evidence of a halo sign. 1. If the lesion is also radiolucent it is likely to be benign. 2. The lesion could be malignant. 3. All oval lesions are benign . 4. The absence of a halo indicates malignancy.
- 26. Open EndedThe tumor seen in Figure 3-1 is characteristic of 1. invasive ductal breast carcinoma 2. a mammographically malignant tumor 3. a mammographically benign tumor 4. a low-density tumor typical of benign lesions
- 27. Open EndedThe calcifications seen in Figure 3-2 have the typical appearance of 1. mammographically malignant-type calcifications 2. mammographically benign-type calcification 3. calcification typical of an oil cyst 4. calcified microhematomas
- 28. Open EndedCharacteristics of a malignant stellate tumor include which of the following? 1. The spicules are generally bunched together. 2. The presence of a central tumor mass. 3. the larger the tumor, the longer the spicules. 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1 and 3 only
- 29. Open EndedThe calcifications seen in Figure 3-3 have the typical appearance of 1. an oil cyst 2. plasma cell mastitis calcifications 3. a small calcified hematoma 4. a calcified sebaceous gland
- 30. Open EndedThe postoperative radial scar or sclerosing duct hyperplasia 1. can sometimes be mistaken for carcinoma 2. sometimes has a solid dense central tumor 3. is usually not associated with skin thickening or dimpling over the lesion 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 only 3. 2 and 3 only 4. 1 and 3 only
- 31. Open EndedA mammogram shows a low-density radiopaque tumor. It is oval, lobulated, and a halo is seen along one border only. The next step should be 1. pneumocystogram 2. ultrasound 3. biopsy 4. no further testing; tumor is benign
- 32. Open EndedA galactocele 1. is always radiolucent 2. is usually associated with trauma 3. is associated with nursing 4. usually has irregular borders
- 33. Open EndedPictogram of breast lesions. (A) Fibroadenoma; (B) lymph nodes; (C) hamartoma; (D) hemangioma;
- 34. Open EndedPictogram of breast lesions. (E) spot compression of a lesion; (F) air in breast after biopsy; (G) fat necrosis; (H) cyst; (I) malignant oval lesion;
- 35. Open EndedPictogram of breast lesions. (J) stellate lesion; (K) stellate lesion with nipple retraction.
- 36. Open EndedA lipoma 1. is generally seen as a high-density radiopaque lesion on the mammogram 2. can be a huge encapsulated lesion occupying the entire breast 3. may have irregular borders typical of malignant lesions 4. is usually difficult to image mammographically
- 37. Open EndedA rare form of cancer that presents with swelling, warmth, or erythema and mammographically with skin thickening is 1. inflammatory carcinoma 2. invasive ductal carcinoma 3. lobular carcinoma in situ 4. papillary carcinoma
- 38. Open EndedSometimes described as an oil cyst, this lesion represents an encapsulated area on the mammogram and can be caused by surgery, biopsy, trauma, or radiation therapy. 1. stellate lesion 2. galactocele 3. fat necrosis 4. lipoma
- 39. Open EndedA benign self-limiting breast tumor that is the result of new disorganized cell growth 1. sarcoma 2. radial scar 3. invasive lobular carcinoma 4. hamartoma
- 40. Open EndedAn infusa-port can be used to 1. provide radiation therapy treatment 2. allow repeated access to the venous system 3. infuse radioactive tracers directly into the breast lesion 4. infuse drugs directly into the arterial system
- 41. Open EndedThe low-density radiopaque lesions seen in Figure 3-4 are characteristics of a: 1. benign fibroadenoma 2. skin mole 3. galectocele 4. keratosis
- 42. Open EndedThe calcifications in figure 3-5 are characteristic of: A. a definite malignancy B. benign skin calcifications C. benign calcifications but further tests are needed D. dermal calcifications
- 43. Open EndedThe right craniocaudal (RCC) of the routine imaging series showed a small, irregular-shaped lesion at the edge of the image plus scattered calcifications including calcification clusters (figure 3-7). The next immdiate step would be 1. spot compression including magnification 2.additional imaging to include the margins of lesion 3. ultrasound 1. 1 and 2 only 2. 2 and 3 only 3. 1 and 3 only
- 44. Open EndedThe circular mixed-density lesions seen in Figure 3-6 suggests a 1. calcified microhematomas 2. galactocele, calcified 3. malignant calcification 4. epidermoid cyst
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