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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which compounds interact to form proteins?
nucleic acids
amino acids
simple sugars
fatty acids
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which statement describes a property shared by lipids and carbohydrates?
both dissolve in water
both are sources of energy in a cell
both have the same number of oxygen atoms
both have the same number of carbon-hydrogen bonds
- 3. Multiple Choice
Scientists isolate an organic macromolecule that plays a role in digestion. When this polymer is not present , the rate of one of the chemical reactions required for digestion decreases greatly.Which category of macromolecule are these scientists most likely studying?
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
- 4. Multiple Choice
What structural differences explains why lipids provide more energy than an equal mass of proteins or carbohydrates?
lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram than proteins or carbohydrates
Lipids have more nitrogenous bases per gram than proteins or carbohyrdrates
Lipids have more amino acids per gram tha proteins or carbohydrates
Lipids have more simple sugars per gram than proteins or carbohydrates
- 5. Multiple Choice
Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand?
Golgi Bodies
Nuclei
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST compares the roles of organelles in making proteins?
Vesicles modify proteins,while golgi bodies manufacture proteins
Rough ER transports proteins, while the cell membrane modifies them
Chromosomes modify proteins, while the nuclear membrane produces proteins
Ribosomes produce proteins, while the nucleus contains protein blueprints
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST distinguishes the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria in maintaining homestasis in a cell?
Chlroplasts regulate movement of materials in plant cells; regulate movement of materials in animals cells
Chloroplasts produce glucose molcules; mitochondria break down glucose molecules
Chlroplasts break down proeins; mitochondria generate new proteins
Chloroplasts store water and wastes; mitochondria provide support for the cell
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST justifies the comparison of a cell's nucleus to a person's brain?
Both store information and control activities
Both are encased in a hard, protective covering
Both are involved in producing energy-containing molecules
Both are directly involved in transproting wastes so they do not build up
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which is a way in which exocytosis differs from ther pumping of calcium ions against a concentration gradient?
Exocytosis is a form of passive transport
Exocytosis does not involve a carrier protein
Exocyctosis occurs with the concetration gradient
Exocytosis requires an expenditure of energy by the cell
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of facillitated transport
The cell membrane wraps around a large molecule and forms a vessicle that takes the molecule into the cytoplasm
A protein embedded in the cell membrane allows a specific type of protein to move to a region of lower concentration
waste materials from cellular processes are moved to a region of higher concentration outside the cell
A carrier protein moves water across the cell membrane against hte concentration gradient
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which type of cellular transport requires energy?
facilliated diffusion
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which substance is a product of cellular respiration?
ADP
Glucose
Oxygen
Water
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Electron transport,Kreb's cycle,Glycolysis
Glycolysis,Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport
Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport, Glycolysis
Kreb's Cycle, Glycolysis, Electron Transport
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which is both a reactant of photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration?
Glucose
Oxygen
Sunlight
Water
- 15. Multiple Choice
Suppose that a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases; AAGTTC. What sequence of bases will the complimentary strand of DNA have?
GGCAAT
GGTCCA
TTACCG
TTCAAG
- 16. Multiple Choice
In a DNA molecule, which molecules make up the sides of the double helix?
single nucleotides
pairs of nucleotides
joined sugar and phosphates
joined nitrogenous bases and phosphates
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which statement correctly distinguishes DNA and RNA?
DNA contains uracil, and RNA does not
DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not
RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA does not
RNA is arranged in a double helix and DNA is not
- 18. Multiple Choice
Transcription creates an mRNA molecule using DNA as as a template. Where does this process occur in cells of eukaryotes?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosomes
in the Golgi apparatus
- 19. Multiple Choice
If the cell membrane could not function properly, what would be the most immediate impact on a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis?
The substances in the cytoplasm would change
Most mitochondria would stop functioning
The instructions for making proteins would be modified
Transport along the endoplasmic reticulum would slow down.
- 20. Multiple Choice
DNA replication results in two separate DNA molecules. How are the DNA molecules at the end of the process related to the DNA molecule at the begining of the process?
One strand of the original DNA molecule becomes one strand in each of the new DNA molecules ,While each other strand is made from cytoplasmic nucleotides
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are stripped of their nitrogenous bases and each strand of the new DNA molecules is made using cytoplasmic bases
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are broken down to their nucleotides and each strand of the new DNA molecules made from cytoplasmic nucleotides
Both strands of the original DNA molecule are in one of the new DNA molecules and the other new DNA molecule is constructed from cytoplasmic nucleotides
- 21. Multiple Choice
At the cellular level ,lipids are the primary component of the cell membrane. Which statement would BEST support the argument that the structure of a lipid is related to this function?
Lipids contain many hydrogen bonds
Lipids are insoluble
Lipids are constructed to store genetic information
Lipids are composed of amino acids
- 22. Multiple Choice
A student investigated photosynthesis .In her lab report, she wanted to add a diagram summarizing the process. Which flow chart provides the BEST summary of photosynthesis.
Carbon + Water + Oxygen = Carbohydrates
Carbon + Water = Carbohydrates and Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbohydrates and Oxygen
Water + Oxygen = Carbohydrates and Carbon Dioxide
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which statement describes ALL prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm
Materials are stored in vacuoles
Chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis
Cell walls provide shape and support
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which statement correctly describes cells produced through asexual reproduction?
They are genetically identical to their parents
They do not grow and divide
They do not contain genetic material
They have a unique set of genetic instructions,unlike their parents
- 25. Multiple Choice
In which stage of mitosis is division of the nucleus completed?
Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which process can be a source of genetic variation
Copying chromosomes
binary fission
mitosis
crossing over
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which statement describes the products of meiosis I and II?
Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells
Meiosis I produces four diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells
Meioisis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces two daughter cells
- 28. Multiple Choice
What is a mutation?
A change in genetic material of a cell
The specific sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA
The process by which a molecule of DNA makes a copy of itself
The perfect replication of a DNA molecule
- 29. Multiple Choice
Consider this DNA nucleotide sequence:
ACG GTT CTA GAC
Which mutation will result in a frame shift?
Substitution of T for the first A in a frame shift
Deletion of GTT from the sequence
Insertion of C at the start of the sequence
Substitution of ATA for ACG in the sequence
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which event results in a change in the number of chromosomes in a cell?
Crossing over
Deletion
Insertion
Nondisjunction
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which word describes an organism that has two different alleles for a trait?
Dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Recessive
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which combination of alleles represents the same phenotype but different genotypes
Aa and AA
Aa and aa
AA and aa
Aa and Aa
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which statement summarizes the law of independent of assortment?
A parent can pass on only one allele of each gene to any one offspring
A recessive trait will only be expressed if two recesive alleles are present
The chance of inheriting an allele is not affected by inheriting any other allele
The probability of offspring inheriting either allele from a parent is 50%
- 34. Multiple Choice
This punnent square shows a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for a particular trait. Based on this cross, what percentage of the offspring are likely to show the recessive phenotype?
0%
25%
50%
100%
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which form of biotechnology is MOST likely to be used in forensics?
Animal cloning
Genetic engineering
DNA fingerprinting
Selective breeding
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which is a theoretical benefit of cloning?
The variation in species could be increased
Organisms with new traits could be produced
Genetic diseases in humans could be cured
Populations of endangered species could be increased
- 37. Multiple Choice
A gene for human growth hormone (HGH) production is taken from human DNA and inserted in a bacterial plasmid. Which statement explains why bacteria are used as a host for organisms for creating recombinant DNA in this example?
They replicate quickly, with each cell producing HGH
They can be injected directly into patients to produce HGH
They digest the gene and metabolize the nucleotides into HGH
They provide the HGH production gene that can be inserted into a human cell
- 38. Multiple Choice
The first panel shows a segment of DNA from a cow.The next three panels are segments from three calves. Which calf is most ; likely the offspring of the cow in panel one?
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
None of the above
- 39. Multiple Choice
Genetic variation can arise in different ways.The diagram shows an example that occurs during meiosis. Which term describes this source of genetic variation?
crossing over
nondisjunction
substitution mutation
insertion mutation
- 40. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST explains why DNA fingerprinting is useful in law enforcement?
each individual's DNA is unique
DNA samples are easy to gather and analyze
DNA fingerprinting uses fast reproducing bacteria
DNA fingerprinting can pinpoint when a crime occured
- 41. Multiple Choice
The ability to taste a bitter chemical called PTC is a dominant trait in humans. The Punnent square below shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for the ability to taste this chemical.Based on the information provided, what is the probability that these parents will produce an offspring who cannot taste PTC?
50%
25%
75%
100%
- 42. Multiple Choice
Almost all commercially available bannanas are genetically identical. Customers like the fact that bannanas sold in grocery stores are seedless and are consistent in size,color, and taste. Yet scientists have recently discovered a problem facing bannana plants. Which statement describes MOST LIKELY risk to genetically identical plants?
The plants grow mroe slowly than wild types
The fruits ripen too soon after they are harvested
The plants are susceptible to a new disease causing fungus
The bannanas ahve less nutritional value with each generation
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which cells form as a result of the second division of meiosis
Two haploid cells
Two diploid cells
Four diploid cells
Four haploid cells
- 44. Multiple Choice
A student gathered information as a result of the second divison of meiosis and recorded the following information: Could result in disease-resistant pests, Reduces genetic variation, Can harm environment in some circumstances
Based on the information they recorded,Which question did the student ask to guide their research?
What are some uses of biotechnology
What are some economic advantages of GMO crops?
What are some possible risks of genetic engineering?
What are some ethical considerations invoved in cloning?
- 45. Multiple Choice
Meiosis plays a role in variability of the offspring produced by sexual reproduction. The answer to which question would BEST help explain this relationship?
What happens to gene pairs as gametes form?
What happens when two genes are codominant?
How do mutations occur during DNA replication?
How can punnent squares be used to find phenotype ratios?
- 46. Multiple Choice
Which statement would BEST support an argument that sexual reproduction provides an advantage over asexual reproduction in a changing environment?
sexual reproduction provides greater variation
sexual reproduction takes less energy and time
sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring
sexual reproduction produces fewer offspring
- 47. Multiple Choice
A body cell in an organism develops a DNA mutation.This beneficial mutation causes production of a more efficient enzyme for digestion.Where will the mutation be found over time?
in the organism only
in organism's immediate offspring only
in the organism and its immediate offspring only
in the organism ,its offspring, and all its direct descendants
- 48. Multiple Choice
A trait for petal color in snapdragon flowers has two alleles ,white and red, that demonstrate incomplete dominance.If one white and one red individual are crossed what percentage of their offspring are likely to have pink petals
25%
50%
75%
100%
- 49. Multiple Choice
A gardening company grows plant species X,which has white flowers.Over time,the company also develops a new variety of plant X that has blue flowers.The company would like to sell the blue-flowering variety to the public. What is the best way to avoid genetic recombination from one generation to the next to ensure that customers will only receive blue flowering plants?
Make new plants by allowing the old plants to form runners
Sell seeds to customers so they can grow as many plants as they like
Raise plants in different environmental conditions to find the best plants
Grow plants from seed to quickly produce large numbers of plants for sale
- 50. Multiple Choice
Which feature is common in both living cells and viruses?
capsid
cytoplasm
nucleic acid
ribosome
- 51. Multiple Choice
Which group is made up of organisms that are the most similar genetically?
class
order
phylum
species
- 52. Multiple Choice
Which feature distinguishes bacteria from archea?
being multicelluar
the prescence of a true nucleus
the composition of the cell wall
the prescence of membrane bound organelles
- 53. Multiple Choice
An organism is multicellular and made up of eukaryotic cells.The organism can move from one place to another.Its cells do not have cell walls or chloroplasts. In which kingdom should the organism be classified?
animals
fungi
plants
viruses
- 54. Multiple Choice
What are the names of the the three domains?
Animalia,Eukarya, Bacteria
Plantae,Animalia, Protista
Eukarya,Archaea, Bacteria
Protista, Bacteria, Animalia
- 55. Multiple Choice
According to the cladogram, which is more closely related?
Mammalia and Crocodylia
Non-avian Dinosaurs and crocodylia
Lepidosauria and Testudines
Mammalia and Lepidosauria
- 56. Multiple Choice
As plants divereged from a common ancestor,characteristic features that distinguished the main plant groups from one another. Which statement shows evolutionary sequence in which these features developed?
Vascular tissue,seeds,flowers
Seeds,vascular tissue, flowers
Flowers, seeds, vascular tissue
- 57. Multiple Choice
At one time scientists classified all bacteria in a single kingdom. Today, prokaryotic organisms are instead classified in two domains (archaea and bacteria).Assume tha a scientist has found several new types of prokraryotes to classify.She argues that all of these prokaryotes should be classified into domain archaea.What information BEST supports her argument?
The prokaryotes lack a nucleus
The prokaryotes have cell walls
The prokaryotes cause human disease
The prokaryotes grow only in hoit springs
- 58. Multiple Choice
Scientists once classified fungi as plants. Which statement BEST supports the argument that fungi should be classified in their own kingdom?
The cells of plants have nuclei, but the cells of fungi do not
Fungi are capable of independent movement, but plants are not
Plant cells have chloroplasts, but fungal cells do not
The cells of fungi have cell walls, but plants do not
- 59. Multiple Choice
A student researched the similarities and differences and differences between viruses and organisms. Which statement BEST supports the argument that viruses share some similarities with living things?
They both get energy from their environment
They both contain proteins and nucleic acids
They both reproduce on their own
They both have a shell called a capsid
- 60. Multiple Choice
A team of scientist is studying fossils of early reptiles and birds. Which aspect of fossil evidence is MOST LIKELY to help the researchers begin to construct a phylogentics tree?
The average number of offspring produced by each species
The estimated number of reptile or bird species that are now extinct
The number of modern-day reptile and bird species represented by the fossils
The approximate date when each reptile or bird first appeared in the fossil record
- 61. Multiple Choice
Brown bears and coyotes are both classified in the carnivora order.Based on this information, which TWO inferences can be made?
They also belong to the same class of organisms
They are members of the same species
They are members of the same genus
They are also classified in the same kingdom of organisms
They both have cells with cell walls
- 62. Multiple Choice
Which scientific information would be LEAST useful in constructing an argument supporting the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts make copies of themselves by dividing
Some eukaryotic cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as bacteria
The ribosomes of mitochondria and chlroplasts are similar to those in prokaryotes
- 63. Multiple Choice
Which list order the levels of ecological organization from simplest to most complex?
Biome,ecosystem,community,population,organism
Community, ecosystem,biome,organism,population
Organism, population, biome,ecosystem,community
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
- 64. Multiple Choice
Corals live near the ocean surface in some warm water regions of the world. The corals provide a home for algae. The algae, in turn, produce food that is used by the corals. Which is a biotic factor in this ecosystem?
The amount of sunlight that reaches the coral
The coral population
The salt content of the water
The temperature of the water
- 65. Multiple Choice
Which biotic factor would be the MOST effective in maintaining homeostasis in an ecosystem?
the absence of large trees
the presence of many ponds
the presence of many species
the absence of predators
- 66. Multiple Choice
In a grassland ecosystem, a vegetation grows, reproduces, and dies, the amount of soil increases. Over time, as the remains of plants and animals decompose (break down), nutrients increase in the soil. Which statement BEST describes how the stability of the ecosystem will be affected?
Biodiversisty will likely decrease, which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely decrease, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely increase , which will decrease the stability of the ecosystem
Biodiversity will likely increase, which will increase the stability of the ecosystem
- 67. Multiple Choice
Which sequence shows the transfer of energy within an ecosystem?
carnivore→herbivore→decomposer→omnivore
omnivore→carnivore→herbivore→primary consumer
producer→decomposer→herbivore→omnivore
producer→herbivore→carnivore→decomposer
- 68. Multiple Choice
About how much energy is available at the the third trophic level if the first has 300,000 kilocalories of available energy?
abotu 300 kilocalories
about 3,000 kilocalories
about 30,000 kilocalories
about 300,000 kilocalories
- 69. Multiple Choice
How do scientists account for the decrease in available energy from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level?
the energy available to the organisms at the lower trophic levels
the energy of the sun cannot be fully exploited by producers
the energy is stored in energy dense molecules for decomposers
the energy is used by organisms for life functions or is lost as heat
- 70. Multiple Choice
Which processes return water vapor to the atmosphere
evaporation and condensation
precipitation and condensation
transpiration and evaportation
transpiration and precipitation
- 71. Multiple Choice
Organisms that perform nitrogen fixation belong to which group?
fungi
plants
animals
bacteria
- 72. Multiple Choice
Which process is a source of phosphorous in the ecosystem?
erosion by rock and water
fixation by bacteria in the soil
repiration by plants and animals
photosynthesis by plants and algae
- 73. Multiple Choice
Which is one way in which photosynthesis is involved in the carbon cycle
Photosynthesis produces CO2 which is released into the atmosphere
Photosynthesis returns carbon from organisms to the soil
Photosynthesis releases glucose into the atmosphere
Photosynthesis uses CO2 from the atmosphere
- 74. Multiple Choice
Which of these factors will affect a population regardless of the populations density?
Competition
Disease
Flooding
Parasitism
- 75. Multiple Choice
A researcher uses a logistic model of population growth. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between time and population size in a logistic model?
Over time, population size increases without limit
Over time, population size increases and then levels off to a minnimum
Population size is not related to the passage of time
Over time, population size decreases and then levels off to a minnimum value
- 76. Multiple Choice
As limiting factors, how do diseases differ from forest fires?
Diseases can slow the growth of a population
Diseases increase the carrying capacity of an ecosystem
Diseaeses reduce all populations in an ecosystem by the same proportion
Disease have a greater effect on a dense population than on one that is less dense
- 77. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST describes an exponential model of population growth?
It assumes that the population size levels off
It assumes that the only best-adapted organisms reproduce
it assumes an environment that includes no limiting factors
It assumes that the population does not exceed the carrying capcity
- 78. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of a renewabele resource?
Copper
Coal
Phosphorous
Water
- 79. Multiple Choice
How does deforestation contribute ot global warming?
It decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
It increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
It decreases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
It increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
- 80. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST describes conservation efforts?
Methods of conserving resources have both costs and benefits
Methods of conserving resources all have the same costs and benefits
The benefits of conserving resources always outweigh the costs
Mnay methods of conserving resources hav eonly benefits
- 81. Multiple Choice
Which practice limits the effects of a human activity in the environment?
Harvesting all the oak trees in a forest
Sending used aluminum cans to the landfill
Using wind turbines to generate electric power
Allowing nutrients from fertilizers to enter a river
- 82. Multiple Choice
The leaves of a plant have a waxy coating. In which environmnt does the plant MOST likely live.
tropical rain forest
arid grassland
coastal wetland
coniferous forest
- 83. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of a structural adaptation?
The growth of a houseplant toward sunlight
Seeds that sprout after a forest fire
Dormancy of a plant during a drought
The wing-shaped seeds of a tree
- 84. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of mimicry?
A school of striped fish swim together, making it difficult for predators to see the edges of each fish
A fawn's coat is dappled with white spots that help it blend in with the forest
A leaf-tailed gecko looks like a dead leaf as it clings to a twig.
A penguin's coloring blends in with the water surface from both above and below, while it swims
- 85. Multiple Choice
In early December, the right whale travels from the North Atlantic to the ocean near Georgia to birth in the warm and relatively calm waters off the coast. Which behavioral adaptation does it show
Hibernation
Migration
Mimicry
Predation
- 86. Multiple Choice
What makes up a population's gene pool?
All the alleles carried by members of the population
All the alleles expressed in members of the population
All the favorable alleles carried by members of the popualtion
All the dominant alleles carried by members of the population
- 87. Multiple Choice
Which of these are required for natural selection?
All the individuals of a population must be identical
There must be a small number of individuals in a population
There must be variation among members of a population
A population of individuals must be forced out of their natural habitat
- 88. Multiple Choice
A certain mammal population contains two alleles for claw length. Some members of the population have long claws that enable them to climb trees, while most members do not. When a new predator that feeds on these mammals is introduced into this environment, some long-clawed mammals climb up trees to escape.
Which statement describes the MOST likely impact of natural selection on the population
The alleles for long claws will increase in the population
The alleles for long claws will decrease in the population
The alleles for short claws will increase in the population
The alleles for short claws will disappear from the population
- 89. Multiple Choice
Why do some strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
The bacteria grow in habitats protected from antibiotics
The bacteria develop a method of surviving wihtout energy
Some bacteria that live in host organisms are not affected by natibiotics
Some bacteria develop an adaptation that enables them to survive in the prescence of antibiotics
- 90. Multiple Choice
Which factor is required for genetic equilibrium?
nonrandom mating
small population size
absence of genetic drift
presence of heritable mutations
- 91. Multiple Choice
Which is a factor in genetic equilibrium?
Nonrandom mating
Small population size
Absence of genetic drift
Presence of heritable mutations
- 92. Multiple Choice
Two closeley related forms of the fruit fly Drosophila mate at different time of the day. One type mates only in the morning, while the other mates only in the afternoon. Which statement MOST likely describes the two forms of Drosophila?
They share the same gene pool
They belong to the same species
They make up two separate species
They are part of populations in genetic equilibrium
- 93. Multiple Choice
A population of 50 land animals has a small number of alleles for one trait.After being attacked by a pack of predators, only one-half of the popualtion remains. Which term BEST describes the change in allele frequencies for this trait in the population?
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Mutation
Nonrandom mating
- 94. Multiple Choice
A single population of lizards living on an island in the Pacific Ocean becomes seperated into two populations due to volcanic activity.Which statement describes the MOST likely outcome of this event after several generations?
One population will become extinct
Different traits will appear in each population
Each population will begin to breed at a different time
The two populations will maintain the same genotypes
- 95. Multiple Choice
Which term describes parts of an organism that have similar structure but a different function?
analogous structure
embryological structus
Homologous structures
fossilized structures
- 96. Multiple Choice
Fossils of an animal called Ichthyostega show that it had lungs and legs. It also had gills, teeth, and a tail similar to that of a fish. Ichthyostega is considered to be one of the first amphibians. Other fossils show that amphibians lost these fish like features.
How might scientists interpret the fossil of Ichthyostega?
It was an early primitive fish
It was the last example of an amphibian with lungs
It might be an animal that clould live on land and in water
It might be a connection to birds that were also efficient swimmers
- 97. Multiple Choice
Which of these lines of evidence wold not be used by a biologist to determine the relationship btween two organisms?
Bone structure
Genetic traits
Fossil age
Population size
- 98. Multiple Choice
The flipper-like wings of penguin and the fins of a fish help both animals survive in aquatic environment, but the structures develop differently. Which inference might a scientist make by comparing penguin wings and fish fins?
The two animals have many similar structures
The two animals have similar embryonic structures
The two animals do not share a recent common ancestor
The two animals developed from a recent common ancestor
- 99. Multiple Choice
Some insect species are resistant ot pesticides.Which statement BEST explains this phenomenom?
Natural selection resulted in unfavorable variation of the insects
Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable adaptation
Some of the insects became instantly immune when poisons were introduced
Because their survival depends on it, the insects developed variations that made them resistant to poisons
- 100. Multiple Choice
The DNA of nearly all living organisms codes for the same amino acids using the same three-base sets.What does this suggest?
All living organisms use the same proteins for the same purposes
All living organisms use the same amino acids to build the same proteins
All livng organisms converged from ancestors with different genetic codes
All living orgnisms share a common ancestor that used the same genetic code
- 101. Multiple Choice
A disorder causes members of a mammal species to die soon after birth.The disorder is caused by inheriting two matching alleles for the disorder. What will MOST likely happen to the frequency of this allele in the population over time?
it will dissapear from the population because it decreases fitness
It will decrease in the population becasue natural selection cannot act on it
It will increase in the population because it allows parents to have more offspring
It will remain in the population because heterozygous individuals are not affected
- 102. Multiple Choice
A student is hiking and discovers an outcrop of sedimentary rock.The rock has three distinct layers that appear to be undisturbed .When the student examines the layers more closely, she observes fossils in the bottom and middle layers. Which conclusion can she mke about fossils based on their observations.
The fossils in the middle layer are older than those in the bottom layer
The rock in the surface layer is younger than the fossils in the middle layer
The fossils in the middle layer are younger than the rock in the surface layer
The rock in the surface layer formed before the rock in any of the fossil layers
- 103. Multiple Choice
Suppose an earthquake changes the course of a river, splitting a population of field mice into two groups. Half the lice now live East of the river, and the other half live West of the river. After 500 years, the climate changes, and the river dries up. The two popualtions of mice mix together again but are unable to inerbreed. Which term describes what has occured?
Equillibrium
Resistance
Migration
Speciation
- 104. Multiple Choice
Ticks are parasites that feed on blood. Consider a single population of ticks that divides into two populations. One population feeds on the blood of mammals that live only on the ground.The other only feeds on mammals which live in trees.Which observation supports the idea that speciation has occured
The tree population and the ground population of ticks cannot mate and have offspring
The tree population of ticks feeds more frequently than does ground population
The genes in both the tree population and the ground population of ticks combine to form a single, large gene pool
The ground population of ticks get eaten less frequently by birds than the tree population.
- 105. Multiple Choice
The legs of a crocodile and the legs of a mouse have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way. Which inference might a scientist make based on these similarities?
The bone structures are homologus, suggesting that the two animals do not share a common ancestor
The bone structures are analogous, suggesting that the two animals shared a similar environment
The bone structures are analogous, suggesting that the animals are closely relateed
The bone structures are homologous, suggesting that the two animals developed from a common ancestor.
- 106. Multiple Choice
Many insects have become resitant to pesticides. In which population of insects would you MOST likely expect pesticide resistance to develop?
A population that reproduces quickly
A population that reproduces very slowly
A population that is never exposed to a pesticide
A population that is completely killed off by a pesticide
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