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- 1. Multiple Choice
When describing the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth a Biologist would include: Spontaneous Generation, Chemical Evolution, Organic Molecules, Endosymbiosis, and Eukaryotic cells
True
False
- 2. Multiple Choice
Some of the conditions on Earth that contributed to the origin of life included chemical process such as the synthesis of small organic molecules, which would have require extreme heat, water, and a mixture of inorganic gases and molecules (ex. near deep ocean hydrothermal vents or shallow ocean tide pools struck by lightening).
True
False
- 3. Multiple Choice
Scientists Redi, Pasteur, Oparin, Miller, Urey, Margulis, and Fox influenced the development of scientific theories of the origin of life on Earth. They developed and used experimental apparatus and published results including the Miller-Urey Amino Acid Synthesis experiment and Redi's Meat and Flies experiment.
True
False
- 4. Multiple Choice
To develop explanation for the origin of life many scientific claims were evaluated in many different ways. Including experimental evidence like the ability to form organic compounds (amino acids) from pre-life inorganic material in the Miller-Urey Experiment and looking at alternative explanations.
True
False
- 5. Multiple Choice
The endosymbiotic theory holds that organelles within the cells of eukaryotes such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, had descended from independent bacteria that came to live symbiotically within other cells.
True
False
- 6. Multiple Choice
What is spontaneous generation and who disproved the theory?
“Spontaneous generation” was the idea that living organisms can spring into existence from non-living matter. In the late 19th century Pasteur famously came up with an experiment that debunked the theory (Flies on Meat Experiment).
True
False
- 7. Multiple Choice
Scientists think that lightning sparked chemical reactions in Earth's early atmosphere. The early atmosphere contained gases such as ammonia, methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Scientists hypothesize that this created a “soup” of organic molecules from inorganic chemicals.
True
False
- 8. Multiple Choice
The Chemical Evolution Theory describes the origin of life in several steps. What are the 4 main steps in chemical evolution?
1. Synthesis of Simple Compounds (inorganic compounds)
2. Origin of Organic Compounds (pieces of biomolecules)
3. Formation of Complex Organic Molecules (larger biomolecules)
4. Formation of Nucleoproteins (cell parts)
True
False
- 9. Multiple Choice
One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?
onset of photosynthesis
origin of genetic material
Synthesis of organic molecules
formation of the plasma membrane
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and aerobic
prokaryotic and anaerobic
eukaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
- 11. Multiple Choice
The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?
Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.
Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.
The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.
- 12. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.
Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?
They were able to photosynthesize
They had more DNA
They were able to make more use of available energy
They were immune to bacterial invasion.
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