Constructivist focus the problem on:

Measure countries had to take during the 1980s, so the IMF would give out longer-term loans, including economic reforms, trade liberalization reforms, government reforms, private sector policies.

Incorporates concern for renewable resources and the environment.

Which region was most benefitted by the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, pushed by the Jubilee 2000?

-Debt relief under the condition of submitting plans to channel debt savings into poverty-reduction programs-

When did the World Bank discontinue structural performance criteria for loans in response to critics and a world wide crisis?

Which ideas became acceptable in the IMF after the 2008 recession?

Besides the environment and renewable resources, sustainability must have an emphasis on:

Pillar for successful development

Thanks to who has the accountability and effectiveness of multilateral and bilateral donor programs improved?

Money sent by foreign workers to individuals in a home country. This is greater in Africa than FDI.

Which is a measure that has proven to improve the individuals' finances (income and spending) when they already own a small business.

One of the newest ideas for alleviating poverty. Said to improve food consumption, improve psychological wee-being; recipients gain income and are able to expand productive assets.

Goals established in 2001 by the UN sponsored Millenium Summit, designed to reduce poverty by 2015.

New goals set after the timeframe for the ones from the Millenium Summit was over. These new goals set in 2015 passed by the UNGA, highlight the connections between poverty, gender equity, and environmental sustainability.

Economic nationalists support the:

What have made critics question the sustainability of the Beijing Consensus Model?

Which resource plays a key role in the international economy?

For a time, oil price volatility was regulated by:

Before the 2008 crisis, Bretton Woods regulated and surveilled richer countries.

What led to the 2008 global financial crisis?

Why did the 2008 crisis affect other countries and not only the US?

Effects of the global crisis:

First Western country to borrow from the IMF since 1976.

What was the trickle-down effect of the 2008 global crisis?

Which block was the most concerning regarding the 2009 crisis?

Which country has the highest surplus worldwide?

Which event highly questions EU success and sustainability?

Which region was mostly exempt from the global crisis?

Countries that remained growing during the crisis:

What is an issue that critiques find on bailout programs and other debt-relief measures taken by some institutions?

Major financial contributor but without veto power of AIIB and NDB. Also, the country behind "One Belt, One Road" initiative. Looks to expand economic and geopolitical power.