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- 1. Multiple Choice
5’ - CTG CAC TTC TGC CTG GTC - 3’
Given the codon table, what would be the effect of a mutation that inserts a G at the beginning of this DNA sequence?
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from leucine (Leu) to alanine (Ala), and the subsequent amino acids would also change.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from leucine (Leu) to alanine (Ala), but the subsequent amino acids would remain the same.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from leucine (Leu) to valine (Val), and the subsequent amino acids would also change.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from leucine (Leu) to valine (Val), but the subsequent amino acids would remain the same.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following diagrams best models the regulation of the trp operon when tryptophan is present at high levels?
- 3. Multiple Choice
Based on the information in the table, which of the following best describes the mutation in the MC1R gene?
a three-nucleotide deletion of the 20th codon of the Mc1r gene
a silent mutation in the 20th codon of the Mc1r gene
a single base-pair substitution in the 20th codon of the Mc1r gene
a single base-pair deletion in the 20th codon of the Mc1r gene
- 4. Multiple Choice
Based on the information in the table, which of the following best describes the mutation in the CFTR gene?
a single base-pair deletion in the 551st codon of the CFTR gene
a single base-pair insertion in the 551st codon of the CFTR gene
a single base-pair substitution in the 551st codon of the CFTR gene
a silent mutation in the 551st codon of the CFTR gene
- 5. Multiple Choice
5’ - TCC GGG ACG GCC GGG GCA - 3’
Given the codon table above, what would be the effect of a mutation that deletes the T at the beginning of the EGFR DNA sequence?
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from serine (Ser) to proline (Pro) and the subsequent amino acids would remain the same.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from serine (Ser) to proline (Pro) and the subsequent amino acids would also change.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from serine (Ser) to glycine (Gly) and the subsequent amino acids would remain the same.
The first amino acid in the sequence would change from serine (Ser) to glycine (Gly) and the subsequent amino acids would also change.
- 6. Multiple Choice
A scientist is investigating a specimen in a laboratory. She is attempting to determine whether it is a virus or not. Which of the following would allow her to conclude that it is not a virus?
The specimen is extremely small
The specimen has no organelles
The specimen has a protein coat
The specimen contains DNA and RNA
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which central dogma of genetics should have been revisited after the discovery of a retrovirus?
DNA makes RNA that makes protein
RNA replication cannot occur prior to translation
Messenger RNA does not always code for proteins
Transcriptase assists in the formation of proteins
- 8. Multiple Choice
All the following statements regarding telomerase are true, EXCEPT:
telomerase is expressed in most tumor cells
telomerase overcomes telomere shortening
regular cells have telomerase activity throughout their lives because of their high activity levels
telomerase is expressed in some stem cells but it is highly regulated
- 9. Multiple Choice
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that can infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into them. Some bacteria use restriction enzymes to interfere with the foreign DNA, and thus avoid infection.
Which of the following statements correctly describes how restriction enzymes will affect viral DNA?
They cut the viral DNA in half.
They digest all of the viral DNA.
They cut the ends of the viral DNA.
They cut specific sites within the viral DNA.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Imagine that DNA contains more bases than just A,T,G,C, and instead has all 26 letters of the alphabet.
Which of the following sequences are most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme?
RADAR
STATES
LEVER
MADAM
- 11. Multiple Choice
The restriction enzyme (RE) BamHI recognizes the sequence GGATCC. The image depicts the recognition site in double stranded DNA.
From the following scenarios, identify the one that would result in sticky ends (cut sites are marked by red arrows).
- 12. Multiple Choice
A scientist wants to cut out a piece of DNA X and paste it into a vector (DNA Y) to create recombinant DNA, depicted in the image.
Both sets of DNA have restriction sites recognized by PstI and KpnI.
Which of the following processes would allow the scientist to create recombinant DNA?
Cut only DNA X with PstI.
Cut DNA X with PstI and DNA Y with KpnI.
Cut both DNA X and Y with PstI.
Cut both DNA X and Y with PstI + KpnI.
- 13. Multiple Choice
What is a plasmid?
circular DNA found in bacteria
outer layer of a virus
fluid in which DNA replication occurs
A popular eSports team
- 14. Multiple Choice
What is the Hayflick Limit?
DNA creates RNA, RNA codes for proteins.
Matter is limited in its ability to change state
Idea that human cells can only divide a limited number of times
The length of DNA is limited to a specific number of nucleotides.
- 15. Multiple Choice
What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?
A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA.
A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein.
A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein.
A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome.
- 16. Multiple Choice
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of a gene is called
a mutation
a codon
an anticodon
a translocation
- 17. Multiple Choice
A base substitution mutation in a gene sometimes has no effect on the protein the gene codes for. Which of the following factors could account for this?
the rarity of such mutations
some amino acids have more than one codon
a correcting mechanism that is part of the mRNA molecule
proteins are not effected by genes.
- 18. Multiple Choice
This science fiction novel by Frank Herbert was released in 1965:
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Dune
Neuromancer
Ender's Game
- 19. Multiple Choice
This type of substitution codes for a stop codon
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Deletion
- 20. Multiple Choice
A type of substitution in which no amino acids change is called
Silent
Nonsense
Missense
Wobble
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
Insertion only
Deletions only
Insertions and Deletion
Substitution
- 22. Multiple Choice
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
Substitution
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion
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