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- 1. Multiple Choice
The longitudinal study Petrides et al. (2015) found that patients with schizophrenia were much improved in just...
2 weeks
4 weeks
8 weeks
16 weeks
- 2. Multiple Choice
What percentage of Petrides et al.'s participants improved by 40% or more when ECT was combined with clozapine?
30%
50%
70%
100%
- 3. Multiple Choice
In just 8 weeks, 50% of Petrides et al.'s participants improved by...
40% or more
30% or more
50% or more
60% or more
- 4. Multiple Choice
A weakness of Petrides et al. is that they did not have a control group so it was impossible to know how much people would improve in the absence of ECT.
True
False
- 5. Multiple Choice
No one in Petrides et al.'s matched
control groups achieved a similar level of improvement to the 30 Pps in the ECT group.
true
false
- 6. Multiple Choice
What was the sample size in Petrides et al?
11
39
120
395
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which research method was used in the study of the effectiveness of ECT by Wang et al?
metaanalysis
random control trials
correlation
case study
- 8. Multiple Choice
In Wang et al., how many of the 18 studies of the effectiveness of ECT
were conducted in China?
7
10
17
18
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was NOT part of Wang et al.'s conclusions about ECT?
ECT is...
highly effective
relatively safe
capable of rapid results
unacceptable to many doctors and patients
- 10. Multiple Choice
Wang et al could be considered ethnocentric as the vast majority of the findings were from studies conducted in China, which is a high power-distance culture, meaning...
the authority of doctors is less likely to be challenged
people are more likely to request cognitive behavioural therapy
people are likely to believe the effects of ECT are fake
doctors and patients see each other as equals
- 11. Multiple Choice
Wang et al's findings may not be generalisable to Western cultures
True
False
- 12. Multiple Choice
When the researcher who rates the patients symptoms does not know if they were in the ECT group or the control group but the patient does this is called...
a single blind design
a double blind design
a triple blind design
an independent measures design
- 13. Multiple Choice
When patients know they have received ECT the findings may be affected by...
placebo effects
investigator effects
type 1 errors
order effects
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following studies controlled for placebo effects?
Petrides et al
Wang et al.
Melzer-Ribeiro et al.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Placebo effects are also known as...
nocebo effects
expectancy effects
demand characteristics
observer effects
- 16. Multiple Choice
Melzer-Ribeiro et al used what type of design?
Double blind
Single blind
Repeated measures
Counterbalanced
- 17. Multiple Choice
Meltzer-Ribeiro et al. used sham ECT group meaning...
No one received real ECT
One group believed they received ECT but really no shocks were given
Sometimes the Pps received real ECT and sometimes they did not
One group received such low voltage shocks that they would not induce a seizure
- 18. Multiple Choice
Melzer-Ribeiro et al., (2017) found no significant difference in the symptoms of the ECT group and the sham ECT group.
True
False
- 19. Multiple Choice
Melzer-Ribeiro et al.'s (2017) findings suggest that the positive effects of ECT may be nothing more than a placebo effect.
True
False
- 20. Multiple Choice
Is is possible to deliver ECT without consent in the United Kingdom?
Yes
No
- 21. Multiple Choice
Popiolek et al (2019) studied the effectiveness of ECT for people with bipolar disorder in which country...
Sweden
Slovakia
Solvenia
Somalia
- 22. Multiple Choice
What percentage of Popiolek et al's sample showed an improvement in their symptoms?
30%
50%
60%
80%
- 23. Multiple Choice
What percentage of Popiolek's sample were very much improved?
24%
80%
56%
100%
- 24. Multiple Choice
How often did Popiolek's Pps receive ECT?
3 times a week; average 7 sessions
Twice a week for 8 weeks
average 20 sessions over 6 months
once a week for 7 months
- 25. Multiple Choice
A weakness of Popilek et al was that there was no control group.
True
False
- 26. Multiple Choice
A weakness of ECT is that...
relapse rates are low without maintenance doses
relapse rates are high without maintenance doses
there are no known side effects
nocebo effects are non-existent
- 27. Multiple Choice
Side effects of ECT include...
retrograde amnesia and cognitive impairment
nausea and constipation
obesity leading to diabetes
compromised immune system due to reduction in white blood cells
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