Acute coronary syndrome is

Acute coronary syndrome is a term for a group of conditions that are caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. These conditions include myocardial infarction (heart attack) and unstable angina.

You are called to an oriented male patient complaining of chest pain. It began at rest and radiates to his shoulder and jaw. His pulse is 56/minute and regular, respirations at 18, BP 158/98, oxygen saturation 97%. In reference to oxygenation you would

This patient has a saturation greater than 94% and is oriented. The question does not specify any signs of additional distress such as poor color or respiratory distress. He would not receive oxygen.

You respond to a city park for a 15 year old stung by a bee. The assessment of the patient finds altered mental status, respiratory distress, hives, swelling of the face, hoarseness and pale, clammy skin. When taking vital signs what do you expect to find?

The response to a severe allergic reaction includes the signs and symptoms of shock. You will find an increased pulse rate and as the anaphylactic reaction worsens, the blood pressure will decrease.

Insulin is created in the:

Insulin is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Which of the following is the proper technique for suctioning with a Yankauer (rigid) suction tip?

The appropriate procedure for suctioning is place the tip of the suction catheter into the mouth as far as can be visualized (don't lose sight of the end of the catheter) without suctioning. Once in place, start to suction as the Yankauer is withdrawn from the mouth.

A patient in respiratory arrest is being ventilated using a bag-valve mask. Of the following, which is the most reliable method for determining if the ventilations are effective?

Ventilation is the process of getting air (oxygen) in and out of the lungs. When performing artificial ventilations with a bag-valve mask, observing the chest rise with each ventilation is the definitive way of determining if ventilation is effective. Pupil size, skin color, and heart rate may change depending on the condition of the patient before initiating ventilations (although as signs of improvement the pulse would decrease and pupils constrict). None of these signs are reliable in determining if ventilations are effective when using a BVM.

Which of the statements below made by a patient should cause you to think he has acute coronary syndrome?

Dull chest pain with a family history of heart disease is often present with myocardial ischemia (heart attack). Becoming short of breath while working is not specific enough and may be respiratory disease. Awaking suddenly unable to breathe causes suspicion of a respiratory complication or heart failure. Dizziness or mentation changes coupled with diabetes leans toward hypoglycemia.

During adult CPR, as a second rescuer, you should prepare to administer two ventilations aftert

The answer to this question remains the same in the 2020 guidelines as in the previous guidelines - after 30 chest compressions. The 15 chest compressions apply to children and infants when two rescuers are present. After five compressions is from older guidelines. In 2017, the American Heart Association updated its guidelines to allow for one asynchronous ventilation every six seconds, but this is not an option.

Which of the following patients is most likely suffering from Left sided heart failure?

When trying to determine the effects of left or right heart failure, consider where the blood for each side of the heart comes from. Blood comes to the left side of the heart from the lungs. When the left side fails, blood backs up to the lungs and produces rales. Blood to the right side of the heart comes from the body. This is where the blood backs up and can be found in dependent positions like the ankles or in the sacral area of less active patients. A difference in systolic pressures between the two arms may indicate an ascending aortic aneurysm. A drop in blood pressure on inspiration is called pulsus paradoxus and may be due to cardiac tamponade and some pulmonary conditions. It would not be beneficial in differentiating left from right heart failure.

A 64 year old male complains of chest pain over the past two hours. He feels tightness but is otherwise comfortable. He tells you his father died of a heart attack at a young age. His vital signs are P 94, R 16, BP 118/78, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should

Transport and monitor this patient. His oxygen saturation is adequate so he doesn't need oxygen via any delivery device and applying an AED on a conscious patient is contraindicated.

Poor ejection from the left ventricle during systole results in:

Pulmonary edema is a sign of left-sided heart failure caused by the left ventricle not completely emptying (decreased ejection) causing pulmonary hypertension. Fluid and pressure eventually back up into the pulmonary capillary beds causing edema if the right ventricle continues to empty properly. Jugular vein distention and swollen ankles are signs of right-sided heart failure, while hypertension is not a sign of decreased emptying of the left ventricle.

A 68 year old male who has a prior history of heart attack awakens with sudden onset of shortness of breath. You auscultate rales bilaterally in his lower lung lobes. His vital signs are P 96, R 20, BP 104/84, and SpO2 is 88% on room air. You should

The patient is hypoxic with an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should administer oxygen. He does not appear to be in failure so the BVM isn't appropriate. Lying the patient flat would worsen his respiratory distress and you don't apply the AED to a responsive patient.

Which of the following causes a reduction of surface area between the alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs?

Emphysema causes a reduction in surface area. Pleuritis is irritation of the pleura in the lungs. Pneumothorax is a collapse of the lung or part of a lung. Cystic fibrosis is a disease that causes thick secretions.