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- 1. Multiple Choice
What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?
reception, transduction, response
confirmation, transduction, transcription
reception, amplification, transcription
confirmation, amplification, response
- 2. Multiple Choice
Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?
secondary messengers
protein modification
phosphorylation cascade
ligands
- 3. Multiple Choice
Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.
conformation change in shape of receptor
phosphorylation of ligand
ligand passes through the membrane
receptor binds additional ligands
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which feedback mechanism involves amplifying responses and processes in biological organisms?
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
cytokinesis
mitosis
apoptosis
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?
G0
G1
G2
S
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?
metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a role of mitosis?
gametes
tissue repair
growth
asexual reproduction
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which checkpoint is responsible for ensuring nondisjunction does not take place?
G1 checkpoint
S checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
- 10. Multiple Choice
Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.
cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase
cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed
cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized
cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication
- 11. Multiple Choice
Mitosis results in...
2 identical diploid cells
4 unique diploid cells
2 unique haploid cells
4 identical haploid cells
- 12. Multiple Choice
Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -
gap junctions
thylakoids
stomata
plasmodesmata
- 13. Multiple Choice
A mutation in a cell membrane receptor would most likely have what effect on a signal transduction pathway?
Reduce the response of the pathway
An alternative response will be expressed
Increase ligand binding
Increase ligand release from the effector cell
- 14. Multiple Choice
Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?
High blood sugar
Low blood pH
High heart rate
Low cellular ATP concentration
- 15. Multiple Choice
This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?
A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor
Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells
Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins
cAMP is formed activating a desired response
- 16. Multiple Choice
Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?
All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released
A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected
A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response
Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene
- 17. Multiple Choice
Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?
Reception
Transduction
Response
- 18. Multiple Choice
Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle will most likely lead to what disease?
Cancer
Apoptosis
Meiosis
Diabetes
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the greatest amount of time in?
S phase
Interphase
M-phase
Cytokinesis
- 20. Multiple Choice
What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
Evenly divide the cytoplasm of the cell
Creating an exact copy of a cell's genetic material
Protect an organism from mutations
Ensure genetic material is properly transferred to daughter cells
- 21. Multiple Choice
How much DNA should a daughter cell at the end of cytokinesis have when compared to the original parent cell?
Half the amount
The exact same amount
Double the amount
- 22. Multiple Choice
After metaphase what phase occurs next in mitosis?
Prophase
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 23. Multiple Choice
What important event happens during the S-phase of the cell cycle?
The mitotic spindle forms
The nuclear membrane breaks down
DNA replication
Sister chromatids separate
- 24. Multiple Choice
If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?
It would increase the response if the pathway
It would trigger the release of more ligands
It would activate the transcription of a desired gene
It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhat phase is this cell in?MitosisInterphaseAnaphaseTelophase
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhat phase is this cell in?CytokinesisMitosisProphaseMetaphase
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhat phase is this cell in?MitosisCytokinesisProphaseTelophase
- 28. Multiple ChoiceWhat phase is this cell in?MitosisInterphaseProphaseTelophase
- 29. Multiple ChoiceWhat part of the cell cycle is this cell in?MitosisInterphaseTelophaseCytokinesis
- 30. Multiple Choice
Select ALL stages of Interphase
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
- 31. Multiple Choice
In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions
regulated?
Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels
Transduction
Cytoskeleton rearrangement
Endocytosis
- 32. Multiple Choice
Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.
relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.
amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
cAMP
G proteins
phosphodiesterase
protein kinase
- 34. Multiple Choice
Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to
the active site of an enzyme in the cytoplasm that binds to a specific substrate.
RNA specifying the amino acids in a polypeptide.
genes making up a chromosome.
an enzyme with an optimal pH and temperature for activity.
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a G protein?specific type of membrane-receptor proteinprotein on the cytoplasmic side of a membranemembrane-bound enzymerelay protein
- 36. Multiple ChoiceWhat determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?phosphorylation cascadecAMPsignal receptorsphosphatase
- 37. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?hormonelocal regulatorendocrine cell
- 38. Multiple Choice
This is an example of
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
autocrine signaling
juxtacrine signaling
- 39. Multiple Choice
What is being depicted in the image?
Amplification of the signal molecule
Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway
Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes
Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule
- 40. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
- 41. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?
A
B
C
D
E
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the ligand?
A
B
C
D
E
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