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- 1. Multiple Choice
In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which may reduce the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes in a reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount of energy required?
A
B
C
D
- 2. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
- 3. Multiple Choice
You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?
lipid
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
- 4. Multiple Choice
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?
cell membranes
hormones
lipids
fatty acids
- 5. Multiple Choice
RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules?
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
- 6. Multiple Choice
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
The reaction rate will increase.
The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.
The reaction rate will decrease.
The reaction will stop.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
- 8. Multiple Choice
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?
Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.
The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.
There is no connection between the two statements.
- 9. Multiple Choice
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?
monosaccharides
nucleic acids
amino acids
phospholipids
- 10. Multiple Choice
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water expands as it freezes.
Water is an excellent solvent.
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Water is able to moderate temperature.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
Water is an acid.
Water is a versatile solvent.
Water has a high heat capacity.
Water acts as a buffer.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?
Ice is colder than liquid water.
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
Ice is more dense than liquid water.
Ice is warmer than liquid water
- 13. Multiple Choice
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
purity
polarity and cohesion
high heat capacity
expansion upon freezing
- 14. Multiple Choice
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
It becomes inactive.
It begins to replicate.
It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.
It's activity increases to digest more proteins.
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