Bacterial Genetics - Assessment

1.

Fill in the Blank

1 min

5 pts

If you shake (or vortex) a tube of bacteria to disrupt physical contact, you would interrupt this form of horizontal gene transfer.

2.

Multiple Select

1 min

5 pts

Transformation can occur... (select all that are true)

Naturally, with a pilus and channel protein

Naturally, using bacteriophages

Artificially, using calcium chloride

Artificially, using an electric field

3.

Fill in the Blank

1 min

5 pts

Plasmids can carry genes that increase host fitness, including genes that code for resistance to ____.

4.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

What is FALSE about the F-plasmid?

It cannot integrate into the genome of the bacteria

It has an origin of transfer known as oriT

It has a length of about 100 kb (kilobases)

It is involved in bacterial conjugation

5.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Homologous recombination...

Allows genetic exchange between two similar or identical molecules of DNA

Only occurs in bacteria, not in eukaryotes

Restricts (limits) genetic variation and adaptation

Allows genetic exchange between two similar molecules of protein

6.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Natural transformation...

Can be done by most bacteria

Often require pili and a DNA translocase (competence proteins)

Involves a heat shock

Requires high concentrations of Ca2+

7.

Fill in the Blank

1 min

5 pts

Transduction involves the introduction of exogenous DNA via a ____.

8.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Why does natural or general transduction occur?

Bacteria take up plasmids from their environment

Transposons hop around the genome

Bacterial DNA can be accidentally packaged into a virus

Gene therapy in the clinic allows correction of genetic diseases

9.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Applications of transduction include...

Modifying existing genes in mammalian cells

Adding new genes to mammalian cells

Screening protein interactions through phage display

All of the above

10.

Multiple Select

1 min

1 pt

Transposons... (Select all that apply)

Were discovered by Barbara McClintock who researched maize

Only occur in human cells

Are always reverse transcribed

Are mobile genetic elements that can move around the genome

11.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

What is true about Class 1 transposons?

They are not found in the human genome

They can move by "cut and paste" mechanisms

They can move by "copy and paste" mechanisms

Excision by a transposase is necessary

12.

Multiple Choice

1 min

1 pt

The function of the pilus during conjugation is...

To bring two cells together

Degrading one of the strands of DNA

Allowing for DNA replication

Creating a nick in the plasmid

13.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

What is true about Class 2 transposons?

They compose the majority of the human genome

They can move by "cut and paste" mechanisms

They can move by "copy and paste" mechanisms

Transcription followed by reverse transcription is needed

14.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Contrast specialized with generalized transduction.

Only generalized involves a bacteriophage

Generalized requires the phage to become a dormant prophage integrated into the genome

Specialized involves accidental packaging of degraded bacterial DNA into capsids

Specialized includes accidental excision of genes next to a prophage that reawakens

15.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

Hfr strains (high frequency of recombination)...

Are considered F- (lack the fertility factor)

Easily transmit their own chromosomal DNA to bacterial recipient cells

Contain the F plasmid separate from their own genome

Are commonly and easily created during F plasmid transfer

16.

Fill in the Blank

1 min

5 pts

We use the term 'transformation' to indicate transfer of a plasmid to bacterial cells. ____ indicates plasmid transfer to eukaryotic, especially mammalian cells.

17.

Multiple Choice

1 min

5 pts

All of the following are tools we use in molecular biology EXCEPT...

Sleeping Beauty transposon system

Plasmids with selectable markers that produce proteins of interest

Transduction of desired genes into mammalian cells using a viral vector

Sobbing after enemy Dva eats your Zarya or Mei ult with her defense matrix

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