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Features common to all societies
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subculture
Counterculture
The tendency to view one's culture and group as superior
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subculture
Counterculture
The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subculture
Counterculture
A group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a large culture
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subculture
Counterculture
A group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns.
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Subculture
Counterculture
The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society's expectations
Internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction
An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior
Internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction
A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce social norms of a society and enforce conformity
Internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction
A punishment or reward given by a official organization or regulatory agency, such as a school, business, or government
Internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction
A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group
Internalization
positive sanction
negative sanction
formal sanction
informal sanction