Which of the following statements does NOT show how an individual comes to be able to make moral decisions?

Which of the following statements best describe aesthetics as one of the branches of philosophy?

Which of the following philosophers is known as a towering figure in Greek philosophy, having made significant contributions to logic, criticism, rhetoric, physics, biology, psychology, mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and politics. He was Plato's student for twenty years but is best known for rejecting Plato's theory of forms. He was more empirically minded than Plato and Socrates.

TRUE OR FALSE:

For his republic, Plato envisions an aristocracy — not an aristocracy of the rich, landed, or well born, but of the intellectual.

Which of the following philosophers is known as the mentor of PLATO and of several so-called ‘Socratic schools’ (Megarians, Cynics, Cyrenaics). Probably scarcely left Athens except on military service. Executed for ‘corrupting the youth and introducing strange gods’. He apparently wrote nothing, and is known to us mainly through Plato and Xenophon (and a caricature in Aristophanes’ contemporary comedy, The Clouds).

This group of philosophers strictly provide relevant explanations of nature that relied on reasons. Without the studies and theories of this group of philosophers, it might be more difficult for Socrates and other following philosophers to develop a system of critical reasoning in order to work out how to live properly and to tell the difference between right and wrong. Who are they?

Which of the following concepts refers to the classical period of the Ancient era of philosophy which denotes the Greek contemporaries and near contemporaries of the influential philosopher Socrates?

This philosophical concept refers to the word that simply means "universe". But this word is generally used to suggest an orderly or harmonious universe, as it was originally used by Pythagoras in the 6th century B.C. What is it?

TRUE OR FALSE:

Abundance is belief and a mindset that if we are willing to share, there is enough of everything in the world for all of us. It's an extremely optimistic outlook on life that runs counter to the scarcity mentality that pervades many spheres of our society and lives, from our ideas about love and relationships to the workplace, the marketplace, and our discussions about how the future of humans and the rest of life on this planet might unfold.

It is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being directed toward something, as it is an experience of or about some object. An experience is directed toward an object by virtue of its content or meaning (which represents the object) together with appropriate enabling conditions. What is it?

What all existentialists have in common is the view that:

Which of the following concepts refers to a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.

It is one of the branches of Philosophy which means a Treatise on matters pertaining to human thought.

Fallacies can be psychologically persuasive even though they are______________?

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of appeal to pity fallacy.

"You should not find the defendant guilty of murder, since it would break his poor mother's heart to see him sent to jail."

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of appeal to ignorance.

"Is it not better to be unjust than just, when the just man, while obeying the law not to resist arrest, may be beaten, kicked, clubbed, insulted, and abused, by those arresting him?"

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Equivocation Fallacy.

“A warm beer is better than a cold beer. After all, nothing is better than a cold beer, and a warm beer is better than nothing”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Composition Fallacy.

“If we have all the best players on our team, we will not win.”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Division Fallacy.

“Paul is the smartest student in our school. Since he is in my class, I must be in the smartest class.”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Against The Person Fallacy.

“All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn’t a murderer, and so can’t be a criminal.”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Appeal to Force Fallacy.

“If I were you, I’d think twice before publishing that article. We’ve had writers who have lost their jobs because they didn’t follow the editorial guidelines.”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Appeal to People Fallacy.

“It might be against the law to drink when you are 18 years old, but everyone does it, so it's okay.”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Hasty Generalization Fallacy.

“Kevin's grandparents do not know how to use a computer. Kevin thinks that all older people must be computer illiterate”

TRUE OR FALSE:

The statement below is an example of Begging the Question Fallacy.

“Happiness is the highest good for a human being, since all other values are inferior to it.”

Which of the following refers to the one that conveys the basic ground concept from the word’s literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages?

This philosophical concept refers to the living animating core within each of us. It is the driving force behind all that we think, say, and do:

Hinduism is_______________?

Contradicting the Hindu social conventions, Buddha taught which of the following?

Which of the following St. refers to the one who is a medieval theologian and philosopher, born in Thagaste, North Africa, moved in 383 to teach in Rome and Milan, converted from Manichaeism to Neoplatonism and then to Christianity, and, after returning to North Africa, became Bishop of Hippo in 395.

Which of the following St. refers to the one who systematically interpreted and defended Aristotle’s thought and sought to reconcile it with Christian doctrines. He held that faith in God’s existence could be justified by human reason and proposed the famous “five ways” to prove the existence of God on the basis of Aristotle’s account of causes?

Which of the following is NOT included in the 3 notion that can be called “Love” based on the ancient Greeks?

TRUE OR FALSE:

The concept of reincarnation is the same for both Buddhism and Hinduism.

True or False:

The Hindus have based their concept of reincarnation from their belief in karma.

True or False

Nirvana means that when one attains it, that person cuts themselves off from the turmoil of the world and spends their life in indifference towards the world.

Which of the following is NOT an intangible component of culture?

Which theory of the environment encourages people to shift from anthropocentrism, or where humans extend controlling attitudes towards nature, to ecocentrism, or where nature is at the center of life?

Which of the following theories on the environment states that destroying nature is a product of authoritarian social structures?

According to this theory, how is the concept of male dominance manifested in the way humans treat nature?

How will the virtues of prudence and frugality combat the growing challenge of environmental degradation?

How did Anaximander describe nature during the early century?

What was Pythagoras’ conception of the universe?

Which of the following actions DOES NOT show frugality towards the use of resources?

Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be translated into _______.

Asians are usually described to exhibit ________ than Westerners.

In St. Thomas Aquinas’ infamous Treatise on Law, he compared _________ with natural law, which was an order that came directly from God’s will.

What is known as the decree of God that governs all creation?

From what principle does Sartre’s existentialism originate?

TRUE OR FALSE:

Freedom has no limitations.

According to St. Thomas Aquinas, what is the interpretation of natural laws by man called?

True or False:

Westerners are more likely to display individualism.

True or False:

According to Thomas Hobbes laws of nature are essentially rules that are discovered through experience. These laws make sure to forbid one to hurt oneself or take away means of self-preservation.

All are true EXCEPT

A. Natural Law refers to the moral laws of God which have been built into the structure of humanity.

B. Natural Law is based on the concept of a final cause or purpose which determines everything's proper natural use of goal

C. Natural Law is a moral guide towards which human beings naturally incline

How does Plato define reason?

It refers to a term used in operant conditioning psychology to refer to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that that behavior will occur again in the future.

True or False:

Hobbes and Rousseau's Social Contract differ in a way that Hobbes theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals, while Rousseau supports individual than the state or the government

It refers to an internal phenomenon; inherent human characteristic which exists regardless of religious beliefs.

True or False:

Transcendence is a state of being that is in some sense superior to ordinary existence

What is the purpose of volition?

True or False:

Aristotle was the first philosopher in the history of philosophy to say that the Will serves as the basis of ethics, the politics, the whole human practice.

This refers to the condition of a human being a subject among other human beings, who are also subjects

Which of the following is true about the concept of “ontology”?

He said the idea of the self is fiction and doesn't actually exist

A way to perceive a relationship based on embracing fundamental similarities that connect you to others, striving to see things from others' points of view, and communicating in ways that emphasize honesty and kindness.

In philosophy, it refers to the ontological property of being.

True or False:

Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, and of one's actions with one's reasons for action

True or False:

Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, and of one's actions with one's reasons for action

It refers to a mutual inquiry based on the principle that the more points of view there are, the better we understand what there is to understand.

Which statement is TRUE about the concept “being”

A. In philosophy, being is the material or immaterial existence of a thing.

B. Anything that exists is being.

C. Ontology is the branch of philosophy that studies being.

D. Being is a concept encompassing objective and subjective features of reality and existence.

True or False:

In philosophy, a relation is a type of fact that is true or false of two things.

True or False

Heidegger uses the expression Dasein to refer to the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings. Thus it is a form of being that is aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in a relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself.

According to Jen, the first principle of Confucianism is?

What is the main difference between the I-Thou and I-It relationship according to Buber?

Which of the following acts demonstrate recognition of common good?

In a hunting and gathering society, the primary institution is _____?

While horticultural societies rely on growing crops, pastoral societies rely on what kind of work?

What is the main difference between a hunting-gathering society and a horticultural society?

In naturalism, nature is presumed as ____

Kyle and his friend Dan were once asked about the role of the stone in ancient civilizations. Kyle answered that a can be used for igniting fire. Dan said that the stone is a tool that can be used for writing. What does critical idealism say about this scenario?

In Marxism, a capitalist society was mainly divided into two conflicting social classes. The one who controls the means of production, and the one who was exploited by the other. What was the term of Marxism for the social class who were exploited in society?

It is said that the human person not just exists as part of history but exists as history. What phrase can be closely associated with this claim?

According to Rousseau, freedom and authority are not contradictory because laws are made out of what?

What is the connection between human acts and self-interest?

As time went by, due to the civil movements for gender equality, job institutions had implemented changes. Which of the following shows the social changes in job institutions?

In an agrarian society, what is the center of interactions and connections between people?

The Industrial society and virtual society are both based on technology. However, inequalities in both societies are imminent, but have considerable differences. How could inequalities in the virtual world differ from industrial one in terms of interaction?

According to Durkheim, a lack of value consensus will render a state of normlessness, which is also called as _________?

Discussions about important issues in social media have been commonly described as “toxic” and “chaotic” due to various perspectives and ways of discussing things which often leads to conflict. What truth about virtual society that could justify this description?

In social interaction, people design rules, institutions and systems within which they seek to live. What do they use to communicate the expectations of a certain society to those who are new to it?

The type of norm that refers to the behaviors that are learned and shared by a group of people, which may not be morally significant, but important for social acceptance is called

A person can be a member of more than one social system or social structure. What does it say about the human person?

If the 21st century is filled with young people driven by nihilism and the rejection of a meaningful life because “we only live once”, in what category do they belong according to Nietzche?

Your friend Kyle is an introvert and refuses to overcome his insecurities, he also completely accepts his flaws and his lack of Will to live. It is because he believed in nothing, due his recognition of the inevitability of death. As a friend who wants to help him, how can you convince him to transcend his existence using Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the Übermensch?

Once you’ve learned that life is a finite temporality and that death is the most certain possibility, using Heidegger’s notion of care, how can you transcend your life into a meaningful existence despite finite temporality?

If we acknowledge Jean-Paul Sartre’s atheistic existentialism that if God does not exist, then we are responsible for our existence, what is the best Sartrean approach in achieving our goals in life?

If we acknowledge Karl Jaspers’ theistic existentialism that authentic existence is freedom and God, what is the best Jaspersian approach in achieving our goals in life?

If a subject must be investigated completely independent from the observer’s perception, then how can we make sense of “death” using Gabriel Marcel’s phenomenological method?

The following situations demonstrate the Filipino philosophy of “Bahala Na”, EXCEPT:

Which of the following situations demonstrate “Filipino Time” as a Filipino philosophy and practice?

The following statements reflect the individualist philosophy of “Kanya-kanya,” but which of the following statements demonstrate this philosophy through selfish, commercial interests?

If the Truth or “Katotohanan” in Filipino philosophy, denotes that it is shared by the whole community, which of the following does not fall into this notion of truth?

If “Kapwa” in Filipino philosophy means the unity of the “self and others,” which of the following statements fall into this category?

Which of the following ideas does not imply the Filipino philosophical notion of “loob”?

Jacob is a poor young boy who lives in the slums of Manila, he does not go to school because his family cannot afford to provide him the learning materials and the tuition fee to enroll him. What philosophical doctrine can we use to identify the root cause of Jacob’s economic condition?

Which of the following situations BEST describes the Filipino philosophical notion of “ningas-kugon”?

Your teacher in Philippine History narrates events through historical accounts and documents from Filipinos rather than the huge amount of history books written by foreign historians, this philosophical method is called “Pantayong Pananaw.” What perspective does the Pantayong Pananaw use?

If you will use the perspective of Pilipinolohiya, which of the following Filipino values/culture is the BEST subject for analyzing the Filipino notion of “Loob”?

Which of the following topics is not grounded in philosophy?

Which human relationship demonstrates the Filipino philosophical notion of “Sakop”?

Contrary to popular belief, the original philosophical notion and practice of “Utang Na Loob” meant: