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proposed the concept of “anomie” or the absence of social norms.
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Adolphe Quetelet
Andre Michael Guerry
introduced the theory of imitation which proposes the
process by which people become criminals.
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Adolphe Quetelet
Andre Michael Guerry
Founder of the Ecological or Cartographic
School of Criminology
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Adolphe Quetelet
Andre Michael Guerry
the first to take advantage of the criminal statistic that was beginning to become available in the 1820’s.
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Adolphe Quetelet
Andre Michael Guerry
Popularized by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
It focuses on the conditions within the urban environment that affects crime rates.
Social Disorganization Theory
Strain Theory
Cultural Deviance Theory
Differential Association Theory
This theory holds that crime is a function of the conflict between the goals people have and the means they can use to legally obtain them.
Social Disorganization Theory
Strain Theory
Cultural Deviance Theory
Differential Association Theory
according to this theory, because of strain and social isolation, a unique lower-class culture develops in disorganized neighborhoods.
Social Disorganization Theory
Strain Theory
Cultural Deviance Theory
Differential Association Theory
formulated by Edwin Sutherland
The principle that criminal acts are related to a person’s exposure to an excess amount of antisocial attitudes and values.
Differential Reinforcement Theory
Neutralization Theory
Differential Association Theory
Social Reaction Theory
more commonly called labeling theory
it states that people become criminals when significant members of society label them as such and they accept those labels as a personal identity.
Cultural Deviance Theory
Strain Theory
Social Reaction Theory
Social Control Theories
Created by Edwin M. Lemert,
Involves norm violations or crimes that have very little influence on the actor and can be quickly forgotten.
Primary Deviance
Secondary Deviance
Containment Theory
Social Bond Theory
occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents who apply a negative label.
Primary deviance
Secondary deviance
Containment Theory
Social Bond Theory
proposed by Walter Reckless
In this theory, pioneering control
theorist Walter Reckless claimed that a strong self image
insulates a youth from the pressures and pulls of criminogenic influences in the environment.
Primary deviance
Secondary deviance
Containment theory
Social Bond theory
It claimed that all individuals are potential law violators; but they are kept under control because they fear that illegal behavior will damage their relationship with the members of society whom he has a strong bonds or ties.
Primary deviance
Secondary deviance
Social bond theory
Containment theory
Study of interrelationship of people and their environment. Maintains that crime is a function of social change that occurs along with environmental change. It also maintains that isolation, segregation, competition, conflict, social contract, interaction and social hierarchy of people are the major influences of criminal behavior and crimes.
Social Bond theory
Human Ecology theory
Social class conflict and capitalism theory
Differential opportunity theory
They claimed that there is differential opportunity / access to success goals by both legitimate and illegitimate means depending on the specific location of individual within the social structure. Thus, lower class groups are provided with greater opportunities for the acquisition of deviant acts.
Differential opportunity theory
Social class conflict and capitalism theory
Human ecology theory
Social Bond theory
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