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- 1. Multiple Choice
Maria is looking for stationary to use for thank-you notes. She looks at the designs, prices, and sheet counts in the table. Are the Hearts or the Horses a better deal?
Hearts
Horses
Trick question...they have the same unit rate.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Maria is looking for stationary to use for thank-you notes. She looks at the designs, prices, and sheet counts in the table. Are the Hearts or the Horses a better deal?
Hearts
Horses
Trick question...they have the same unit rate.
- 3. Multiple Choice
The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of
an absolute threshold
a perceptual set
transduction
sensory adaptation
- 4. Multiple Choice
The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of
an absolute threshold
a perceptual set
transduction
sensory adaptation
- 5. Multiple Choice
If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates
a perceptual set
priming
sensory adaptation
Weber's law
- 6. Multiple Choice
Receptor cells in the human eye that are the most sensitive to fine detail are called
feature detectors
supercell clusters
rods
cones
- 7. Multiple Choice
According to Gestalt psychologists, the way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of
closure
proximity
interposition
perceptual constancy
- 8. Multiple Choice
The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates
interposition
closure
perceptual constancy
linear perspective
- 9. Multiple Choice
Interpreting your current situation within the framework of a past memory illustrates
a just noticeable difference
top-down processing
Weber's law
sensory adaptation
- 10. Multiple Choice
The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the
lens
optic nerve
cornea
fovea
- 11. Multiple Choice
Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by
evolutionary psychologists
behaviorists
Gestalt psychologists
John Locke
- 12. Multiple Choice
Grass seen through sunglasses appears as green as it does without glasses. This best illustrates
Weber's law
interposition
retinal disparity
color constancy
- 13. Multiple Choice
The cochlea is a
fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position
fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement
set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum
- 14. Multiple Choice
A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates
synesthesia
psychokinesis
the McGurk effect
sensory interaction
- 15. Multiple Choice
The sensory receptors in the eye send the coded neural message first to the thalamus and then to which area of the brain for further processing?
visual cortex
olfactory bulb
primary motor cortex
pre-frontal cortex
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is false regarding top-down processing?
Can also be called knowledge driven
Occurs when we draw on our experiences and expectations to arrive at meaningful perceptions
Interpreting stimuli is shaped by relating it to existing knowledge
Used when we have no prior knowledge about the object or situation
- 17. Multiple Choice
All sensation is a result of the stimulation of sensory receptors by some sort of energy.
True
False
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which law of perceptual organization states that gaps will be mentally filled in to create meaningful shapes?
proximity
closure
continuity
similarity
- 19. Multiple Choice
Once light enters the eye, the physical energy is not converted into a neural message until it reaches the sensory receptors located on the
retina
lens
cornea
optic nerve
- 20. Multiple Choice
Depth perception is achieved by combing the 2D images taken in from each eye.
True
False
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which statement is false regarding sensation and perception.
These terms refer to the same concept.
Sensation refers to how we take in information form our environment.
Perception refers to how sensory information is organized and interpreted.
Sensation and perception processes work together for us to make sense of our world.
- 22. Multiple Choice
There are areas on the tongue that only contain sensory receptors for specific tastes.
True
False
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which two senses are the chemical senses?
vision
hearing
taste
smell
- 24. Multiple Choice
Bottom-up processing is used when presented with a novel situation.
True
False
- 25. Multiple Choice
What is Sensation?
Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
refers to how the mind process information
refers to how we store information
- 26. Multiple Choice
Perception ca be defined as-
how we perceive different things
how we interpret the information from the external world
how we sense things from the external world
- 27. Multiple Choice
Absolute threshold refers to
The maximum stimulation required to say anything
minimum usage of sense organs
The minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus
- 28. Multiple Choice
What is Signal Detection theory?
Ability to detect various sounds and colors
Ability to focus on one stimulus and ignore others
Ability to see traffic signals
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time is calledabsolute thresholddifference thresholdsensory adaptationsubliminal perception
- 30. Multiple ChoiceA researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking thejust noticeable difference.absolute threshold.subliminal threshold.minimal threshold.
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWe rely on binocular vision toperceive depthsee colorsunderstand optical illusionssee motion
- 32. Multiple Choice____ controls the size of the pupiliriscornealensfovea
- 33. Multiple Choice
When we perceive more detail things are usually
bigger
closer to us
further from us
more expensive
- 34. Multiple Choice
A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat.
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
- 35. Multiple Choice
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
- 36. Multiple ChoiceIvan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery ofoperant conditioning.reinforcementclassical conditioning.vicarious conditioning.
- 37. Multiple ChoiceIn a classic experiment, "Little Albert," a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example ofclassical conditioning.higher order conditioning.reinforcement.operant conditioning.
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich form of learning would most likely be studied in an operant chamber (Skinner box)?classical conditioningvicarious conditioningoperant conditioningconditioned emotional responses
- 39. Multiple ChoiceIn John Watson's "Little Albert" experiment, what was the UCS?The white ratAnything white and furryThe loud noiseFear
- 40. Multiple ChoiceJohn Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.discriminative stimulusconditioned stimulusunconditioned stimulusextinguished stimulus
- 41. Multiple Choice
In Pavlov's experiment, the salivating to the sound of a bell is a(n)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhen learning first takes place, we would say that __ has occurred.AcquisitionExtinctionSpontaneous RecoveryDiscrimination
- 43. Multiple ChoiceLearning that occurs due to reward and punishmentClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningLearningTaste Aversion
- 44. Multiple ChoiceLearning that occurs due to reward and punishmentClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningLearningTaste Aversion
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThe reinforcer, such as food, that gets the organism to continue a behavior is called __.Positive ReinforcementPrimary ReinforcerSecondary ReinforcerClassical Conditioning
- 46. Multiple ChoiceA little girl gets to eat dessert because she finished all the food on her plate. This is an example of:Positive punishmentNegative punishmentPositive ReinforcementNegative Reinforcement
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhen shaping a behavior, you would couple a treat with, "good dog" to get your pet to sit. The "good dog" is considered __.Negative ReinforcementPrimary ReinforcerSecondary Reinforcer
- 48. Multiple ChoiceAnything that seeks to continue a desired behavior by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of undesired stimulus is called __.Negative ReinforcementPunishmentPositive ReinforcementPartial Reinforcement
- 49. Multiple ChoiceSmall successive step taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called __.ShapingContinuous ReinforcementPositive ReinforcementPartial Reinforcement
- 50. Multiple ChoiceThe view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes was calledpsychoanalysis.behaviorism.cognitive neuroscience.
- 51. Multiple ChoiceMirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis forthe law of effect.spontaneous recovery.observational learning.extrinsic motivation.
- 52. Multiple ChoiceCarly used to feel nausea when going to McDonalds because she associated the food with illness. After a few good meals there, she no longer feels the nausea. Which prinicple?spontaneous recoveryextinctionsecond-order conditioninggeneralization
- 53. Multiple ChoiceMariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.extinctiongeneralizationspontaneous recoveryobservational learning
- 54. Multiple ChoiceParents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.” Parents are usingpositive punishmentnegative punishmentpositive reinforcementclassical conditioning
- 55. Multiple ChoiceMarie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on avariable ratiofixed intervalfixed ratiovariable interval
- 56. Multiple ChoiceCharlie gets paid on the 15th of every month. He is reinforced on a ___ schedulefixed ratiofixed intervalvariable intervalvariable ratio
- 57. Multiple ChoiceSlot machines work on a _____ reinforcement schedulefixed ratiovariable ratiovariable intervalfixed interval
- 58. Multiple ChoiceYou could receive a text message at any random time. You are reinforced on a ______schedule of reinforcementfixed ratiovariable ratiovariable intervalfixed interval
- 59. Multiple ChoiceHe is known for his Law of Effect that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likelySkinnerThorndikeJohn WatsonPavlov
- 60. Multiple ChoiceChris has failed English class repeatedly and has now stopped trying because he believes the situation is uncontrollable. This is an example of:learned helplessness.observational learning.learned laziness.behavior modification.
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhen you are asked to provide directions to your home, you are most likely using:operant conditioningobservational learninga cognitive maplearned helplessness
- 62. Multiple ChoiceClassical conditioning is when a person or organism links two or more stimuli andforgets about themlays them out in sequenceshuts downanticipates an event
- 63. Multiple ChoiceWhat do we call the type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer?Operant conditioningClassical conditioningShapingPunishment
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhen Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor’s Chihuahua bit her ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes all other types of dogs. Lindsay’s fear illustrates the process of:Instinctive driftStimulus discriminationStimulus generalizationNegative avoidance
- 65. Multiple Choice
Watching & seeing shooting stars on a dark night.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 66. Multiple ChoiceJimmy believes that his life is controlled by bad luck and fate. Jimmy has an ______________ locus of control.ExternalInternal
- 67. Multiple ChoiceJenny thinks that getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time.Internal Locus of ControlExternal Locus of Control
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