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- 1. Multiple Choice
Pacific Salmon includes the following species of salmon (choose all that are correct. Some species may not be listed).
Chinook (King)
Coho (Silver)
Pink
Sockeye
Atlantic Salmon
- 2. Multiple Choice
Historically, how many salmon annually returned to the Columbia River and its tributaries?
2 Million
500,000
up to 16 million
50 MIllion
- 3. Multiple Choice
When did canning fish in the columbia river begin?
1820
1940
1800
1860
- 4. Multiple Choice
Select all that apply. Salmon provide a natural resource for the following
Native/Indigenous Peoples
White settlers
Predators like Bears, Wolves, Foxes
NW Forest Ecosystems
Scavengers like Eagles, birds, etc.
- 5. Multiple Choice
What happens to a Salmon after it spawns?
It dies, providing nutrients to the ecosystem
It returns to the ocean to regain strength for spawning the next year.
It sometimes dies and sometimes lives to go back to the ocean.
It may continue to live in the river and spawn the following year.
- 6. Multiple Choice
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a salmon?
eggs
alevin
fry
parr
- 7. Multiple Choice
What is the last stage in the life cycle of a salmon?
parr
smolt
adult
spawning adult
- 8. Multiple Choice
True or false. Spawning adults change color.
True, they change color
False, they do not change color
- 9. Multiple Choice
What is the correct order for a salmon's life cycle?
egg, fry, smolt, adult, spawning salmon
egg, smolt, spawning salmon
spawning salmon, smolt, egg, fry
fry, smolt, spawning salmon, egg
- 10. Multiple Choice
What state or Canadian Province below does NOT historically have Columbia River Salmon?
California
Oregon
Wyoming
Montana
British Columbia
- 11. Multiple Choice
In 1990, how many runs of Pacific Salmon were listed as "Endangered" under the Endangered Species Act?
7
10
13
22
- 12. Multiple Choice
Choose all correct answers. What's the difference between Hatchery Fish and Wild Fish?
Wild fish spawn naturally in the river, while hatchery fish are spawned in a lab.
Wild fish live their whole life in wild habitat, while hatchery fish are "raised" in rearing ponds.
Hatchery fish don't travel to the ocean and back to spawn, while wild fish do.
Both wild and hatchery fish spawn in rivers, but only hatchery fish are raised in rearing ponds.
- 13. Multiple Choice
What temperature range in River Ecosystems do salmon require for survival?
32 - 60* fahrenheit
38 - 55* fahrenheit
38 - 65* fahrenheit
45 - 55* fahrenheit
- 14. Multiple Choice
What temperature range in Ocean ecosystems can salmon tolerate?
32 - 55* fahrenheit
38 - 65* fahrenheit
45 - 55* fahrenheit
38 - 70* fahrenheit
- 15. Multiple Choice
What is the most important reason for logging companies to leave the trees near or next to a creek, or drainage system alone (to not cut them)?
The shade from trees keeps water temperatures lower in tributaries.
Trees provide cover from birds of prey.
Trees and vegetation provide nutrients to the water system.
Trees near rivers should only be cut down by wild animals, like beavers.
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT an invasive or non-native aquatic species in the Columbia River?
Steelhead
Smallmouth Bass
Northern Pike
Channel Catfish
Walleye
- 17. Multiple Choice
Select all that apply. What are some of the negative consequences of dams?
Loss of tributary habitat
reduced water flows
warmer water temperatures
increased opportunities for predators (sea lions, etc)
Riskier journey for juvenile salmon
- 18. Multiple Choice
What has been the recent trend for our annual mountain snowpack in the Northwest?
We get more snowpack every winter
We get less snowpack every winter
We've maintained an average snowpack every winter
There is no trend, just good years and bad years
- 19. Multiple Choice
Why do large cities like Portland and Seattle that are near bodies of water have increased pollution from rainwater and runoff compared to rural communities?
Concrete structures and roadways are impermeable and don't filter rainwater that carries oil and debris from our roadways.
Our raw sewage goes directly into the river system without being cleaned/treated.
Individuals pollute more in large cities than they do in rural communities.
- 20. Multiple Choice
How many pieces of microplastics does the average American consume each year?
2,000
500
74,000
120,000
10,000
- 21. Multiple Choice
How does ocean garbage mostly affect Salmon? Choose the best answer
salmon eat bait fish that may have eaten or been poisoned by the garbage
Salmon struggle to swim around the garbage
The garbage can dam up their home rivers or streams
Smolt or juvenile salmon may mistaken it as food.
- 22. Multiple Choice
What important sensory system does Ocean Acidification impact in Salmon?
ability to see
ability to hear
ability to feel
ability to smell
- 23. Multiple Choice
What is causing the ocean to be more acidic?
CO2 increases in our atmosphere
Methane gases increasing in our atmosphere
Toxic pollution from oil spills, etc.
Acid rain
- 24. Multiple Choice
What best describes a broodstock program?
When hatcheries use wild fish to produce their hatchery smolts
When hatcheries use the biggest male and female hatchery fishes to produce their smolts.
When hatcheries allow their hatchery fish to reproduce naturally in the rivers with wild fish
- 25. Multiple Choice
How many chinook fish returned to the Lower Granite Dam in 1990?
78
567
1289
46,788
- 26. Multiple Choice
True or False. The Inter-Tribal Commision used their improved hatchery to supplement wild fish populations, not restore them.
True
False
- 27. Multiple Choice
How many river miles of the Snake River Watershed and historical habitat are blocked off to fish by the Lower Granite Dam?
120
380
530
670
- 28. Multiple Choice
Regarding salmon, what is biological fitness?
How fast the fish can swim and evade predators
How far a fish will travel to reach its home stream
A fish is "fit" if it travels to the ocean and back.
A fish is "fit" if if travels to the ocean and successfully reproduces.
- 29. Multiple Choice
What is the main rationale (the main reason) behind closing hatchery programs?
Releasing too many hatchery fish has likely resulted in too much competition of resources for wild fish.
Hatchery fish are biologically more "fit" than wild fish.
Hatchery fish might accidentally spawn with wild fish and weaken the gene pool
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the removal of Marmot Dam.
Removing it made the river "wild" and opened up miles and miles of pristine habitat.
Removing the dam did not improve wild fish populations.
Since removing the dam, natural flows increased stream erosion and deposition downriver, which has created even more habitat.
Wild fish populations have more than doubled for Spring Chinook, Coho, and Winter Steelhead
- 31. Multiple Choice
True or False. The removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams increased fish habitat upriver, but it's greatest outcome was the improvement of the near shore estuary and habitat.
true
false
- 32. Multiple Choice
Check all that apply. Habitat and salmon restoration provides what benefits?
Increased commercial and recreational opportunities
Increased tourism for small rural fishing communities
Healthier forest and river ecosystems
Continued cultural connection and significance for native and indigenous cultures
Conservation of historical resources
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