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- 1. Multiple Choice
The model shows an area near a lake. Community leaders are planning new laws to help protect the lake from pollution. One proposed law will make it illegal to dump trash on the shore of the lake, but the law still allows trash to be placed in the area labeled "Flow-through wetland."
Which statement about the proposed law is supported by the model?
A. The proposed law will protect the lake because plant roots between the wetland and the lake will stop pollution from entering the lake.
B. The proposed law will not protect the lake because animals that live in or near the lake will add pollution to the lake.
C. The proposed law will not protect the lake because groundwater will carry pollution from the wetland directly into the lake.
D. The proposed law will protect the lake because the high elevation of the water table will block pollution from entering the lake.
- 2. Multiple Choice
A student's model of an area near a city depicts many activities that affect the quality of the water in the area.
How does the agricultural activity most likely affect the surface water of the area?
F. Excess crop fertilizer is carried by runoff into the river, causing excess growth of water plants.
G. Excess crop material accumulates on the riverbanks, slowing the movement of the river water.
H. Crops reduce erosion, increasing the amount of soil entering the river.
J. Crops absorb pure water from the soil, causing the remaining water to contain more salt.
- 3. Multiple Choice
A student drew the model below to represent a part of a watershed and some human activities that affect the watershed.
How do the industrial, agricultural, and residential activities of humans most likely affect the groundwater in the area?
F. The activities prevent most of the water from evaporating into the atmosphere.
G. Pollutants from the activities percolate through the soil and enter the water table.
H. The activities replace the groundwater used.
J. All of the above
- 4. Multiple Choice
A student sets up the investigation shown below.
The movement of colored water through the gravel best models....
F. Condensation of water vapor.
G. Surface runoff of precipitation
H. Conservation of water
J. Pollution of groundwater
- 5. Multiple Choice
Researchers are investigating processes that happen during digestion. Which answer choice describes only a physical change during digestion?
F. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach breaks down proteins.
G. Chewing in the mouth breaks food into smaller pieces.
H. Enzymes in saliva start the digestion of starches before food is swallowed.
J. Bacteria in the intestines covert dietary fiber into fats.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Both the esophagus and the small intestine are involved in the digestion of food. The esophagus squeezes food into the stomach by wave-like muscle contractions. Peptidase enzymes in the small intestine break food molecules into smaller molecules.
Which statement best describes changes to food during digestion?
F. The muscle contractions result in physical changes, while the action of the peptidase results in chemical changes.
G. The muscle contractions and the action of the peptidase both result only in physical changes.
H. The muscle contractions result in chemical changes, while the action of the peptidase results in physical changes.
J. The muscle contractions and the action of the peptidase both result only in chemical changes.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A students listed how different parts of the body work to aid in the digestion of food.
Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food?
A. The reduction in size of food particles as food is chewed.
B. The movement of food to the stomach after food is swallowed.
C. The breakdown of molecules of food by enzymes and acid in the stomach
D. None of the above
- 8. Multiple Choice
Many processes occur on the digestive system. Which process is best classified as a physical change?
F. Saliva converting the starch molecules in crackers into simple sugars.
G. Digestive enzymes breaking down proteins into smaller fragments.
H. Bacteria converting lactose into simple sugars in the intestines.
J. Teeth grinding an almond into smaller pieces in the mouth.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Runoff from agricultural land carries chemicals from fertilizers that collect in a lake. The buildup of chemicals can eventually cause -
A. aquatic life, such as fish and turtles, to die from a lack of oxygen.
B. excess water to fill the aquifer, resulting in pore shrinkage and subsidence.
C. river tributaries to reroute, changing the flow of natural waterways.
D. rainfall levels to drop causing drought and a shorter growing season.
- 10. Multiple Choice
The illustration provided shows a river and four cities on that river. When the water from the river was sampled at location X, it was determined to be polluted with various chemicals. What would be the most likely source for this pollution?
A. City 1 and City 2
B. City 2 and City 3
C. City 3 and City 4
D. City 1 and City 4
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