A. question a widespread assumption regarding women’s participation in computer science

B. illustrate a particular perspective on the importance of learning to code

C. present computer scientists as a socially responsible community

D. emphasize that learning to code requires both aptitude and dedication

E. explain how learning to code prepares students for coveted jobs

A. provide supporting evidence for the video’s claims about the importance of perseverance in learning to code

B. demonstrate that the video creates false expectations regarding the financial rewards of careers in computer science

C. rebut the video’s premise about the steps required to make programming skills more widespread

D. suggest a more effective way to make programming seem appealing to those outside the computer science community

E. acknowledge more fully the achievements of women in the computer science community

A. Drew Houston, founder of Dropbox (paragraph 1, sentence 8)

B. will.i.am of the rock band the Black Eyed Peas (paragraph 1, sentence 12)

C. Lesley Chilcott, director of the video “What Most Schools Don’t Teach” (paragraph 1, sentence 16)

D. Gabe Newell, founder of Valve (paragraph 2, sentence 5)

E. Vanessa Hurst, founder of Girl Develop It (paragraph 4, sentence 3)

A. Not only do babies’ eyes move side to side during REM sleep, but they also move up and down.

B. However, child psychologist David Foulkes argues that babies use REM sleep for other purposes.

C. Contrary to popular belief, REM accounts for only one of the five stages of sleep that all humans, including infants, go through.

D. On the other hand, one study conducted in 2010 indicated that babies have the ability to learn while they are sleeping.

E. Whereas adults spend only a quarter of their sleep time in the REM stage, babies average closer to half their sleep time in this stage.

A. (as it is now)

B. which are typically the children’s way of working through a change in life, such as starting day care or preschool

C. but these can be alleviated by establishing a regular, early bedtime routine to ensure adequate sleep

D. but these are actually night terrors, which are not dreams but episodes that occur in non-REM sleep

E. which would prove that young children are capable of having dreams, particularly frightening ones

A. It gives a basic definition of REM sleep that is elaborated in later paragraphs.

B. It provides a factual basis necessary to speculate on the subjects babies may dream about.

C. It offers key examples to support the first paragraph’s claim that babies’ brains perform many important tasks.

D. It explains how sleep researchers use alternative sources of evidence to study infant sleep cycles because infants are unable to describe their experiences.

E. It establishes the conventional view about whether babies dream in order to show how the argument of the passage departs from this understanding.