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26 questions
What are the inferred pressure and interior temperature at the boundary between Earth's outer core and inner core?
3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C
3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C
3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C
3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C
The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the
arrival time of the first P-wave
difference in arrival times between P- and S -waves
distance to the epicenter
energy released by an earthquake
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth's interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth's surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth's surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle. Seismic station A is 5000 kilometers from the epicenter. What is the difference between the arrival time of the first P-wave and the arrival time of the first S-wave recorded at this station?
2 minutes 20 seconds
6 minutes 40 seconds
8 minutes 20 seconds
15 minutes 00 second
The first P-wave of an earthquake took 11 minutes to travel to a seismic station from the epicenter of the earthquake. What is the seismic station's distance to the epicenter of the earthquake and how long did it take for the first S-wave to travel that distance?
Distance to epicenter: 3350 km
S-wave travel time: 4 min 50 sec
Distance to epicenter: 3350 km
S-wave travel time: 6 min 10 sec
Distance to epicenter: 7600 km
S-wave travel time: 9 min
Distance to epicenter: 7600 km
S-wave travel time: 20 min
The arrival time of the first earthquake P-wave at a seismograph station was 10:11:20 (hours:minutes:seconds). If the epicenter of the earthquake is 8000 km away, what was the approximate arrival time of the first S-wave from this earthquake?
10:02:00
10:09:20
10:20:40
10:32:00
A strong earthquake that occurs on the ocean floor could result in the formation of
tsunami
delta
ocean currents
El Nino event
The epicenter of an earthquake was located 1800 kilometers from a seismic recording station. If the S -wave arrived at the seismic station at 10:06:40 a.m., at what time did the P-wave arrive at the same seismic station?
10:03:00 a.m.
10:03:40 a.m.
10:09:40 a.m.
10:10:20 a.m
Which landmass is moving northward with Australia as part of the same tectonic plate'?
India
Antarctica
North America
South America
The diagram below represents three seismograms showing the same earthquake as it was recorded at three different seismic stations, A, B, and C. Which statement correctly describes the distance between the earthquake epicenter and these seismic stations?
A is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
B is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
C is closest to the epicenter, and A is farthest from the epicenter.
A is the closest to the epicenter, and B is the farthest from the epicenter.
Base your answer to the following question on the earthquake seismogram below. How many additional seismic stations must report seismogram information in order to locate this earthquake?
one
two
three
four
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and map below. The diagram shows three seismograms of the same earthquake recorded at three different seismic stations, X, Y, and Z. The distances from each seismic station to the earthquake epicenter have been drawn on the map. A coordinate system has been placed on the map to describe locations. The map scale has not been included. On the map, which location is closest to the epicenter of the earthquake?
E-5
G-1
H-3
H-8
The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by
tidal motions in the hydrosphere
density differences in the troposphere
convection currents in the asthenosphere
solidification in the lithosphere
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents seismic stations A, B, and C. The distance from each station to an earthquake’s epicenter is plotted. The epicenter is closest to point
D
E
F
G
The first P-wave of an earthquake travels 5600 kilometers from the epicenter and arrives at a seismic station at 10:05 a.m. At what time did this earthquake occur?
9:49 a.m.
9:56 a.m
10:02 a.m.
10:14 a.m.
Which type of tectonic plate boundary is found between the South American Plate and the Scotia Plate?
transform
convergent
divergent
complex/uncertain
The aerial photograph below shows two streams that have been displaced by tectonic movement along the San Andreas fault. The arrows show the relative direction of movement along the fault. This movement occurred along which type of plate boundary?
convergent
divergent
transform
complex
The cross section below represents a lithospheric plate boundary. In which diagram do the arrows show the relative directions of plate movement at this type of plate boundary?
The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of
lava flowing over Earth's surface where two tectonic plates move apart
an oceanic plate moving over a mantle hot spot
two oceanic plates colliding to form an island arc
tectonic plates sliding past each other
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of Earth shown below. Letters B, C, and D represent layers of Earth. Letter Q represents a location on Earth's surface. Which letter best represents Earth's mantle?
Q
B
C
D
Which mantle hot spot is correctly matched to its overlying tectonic plate?
Tasman Hot Spot-Pacific Plate
Canary Island Hot Spot-Eurasian Plate
St. Helena Hot Spot-South American Plate
Yellowstone Hot Spot-North American Plate
Which world map shows the locations where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur on Earth? (Key in image)
Which part of Earth's interior is inferred to have convection currents that cause tectonic plates to move?
rigid mantle
asthenosphere
inner core
outer core
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows models of two types of earthquake waves. Model A best represents the motion of earthquake waves called
P-waves (compressional waves) that travel faster than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
P-waves (compressional waves) that travel slower than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
S-waves (shear waves) that travel faster than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
S-waves (shear waves) that travel slower than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
The map below shows some tectonic plate boundaries near South America and Africa. Letters A,B,C, and D represent locations on Earth's surface. Which location most likely has the youngest bedrock?
a
b
c
d
The cross section below represents a pattern of magnetic field reversals preserved in the igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust east of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Which cross section best represents the magnetic field pattern west of the Mid-Atlantic ridge?
The large coal fields found in Pennsylvania provide evidence that the climate of the northeastern United States was much warmer during the Carboniferous Period. This change in climate over time is best explained by the
movements of tectonic plates
effects of seasons
changes in the environment caused by humans
evolution of life
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