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- 1. Multiple Choice
For centuries, sugar crystals were made from the evaporated juice of sugarcane, a plant grown only in tropical and subtropical climates. In the 1800s, industrial methods were developed to manufacture crystalline sugar from sugar beets. This allowed for large amounts of sugar to be produced in colder, temperate climate zones.
Which of the following geographic concepts best explains the ability of humans to use technology to overcome the limitations of climate and modify the landscape?
Environmental determinism
Possibilism
Cultural relativism
Political ecology
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following patterns is evident on the map of population density?
The Appalachian Mountains are less densely populated than the Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains are more densely populated than the Southwest
The Pacific Coast is far less populated than the Atlantic Coast of the United States
The Great Plains are less densely populated than the Midwest.
The Midwest is much more densely populated than the Southeast.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following types of population information is shown on the map?
Transnational migration
Internal migration
Agricultural density
Arithmetic density
Physiological density
- 4. Multiple Choice
Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated?
These regions have pronatalist policies.
These regions have access to international trade.
These regions experience seasonal climate variation.
These regions have mineral resources.
These regions have higher carrying capacities.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?
The temple reflects the types of food and housing traditionally found in rural Chinese landscapes.
The people in the area around the temple primarily speak Malay and Arabic.
The temple reflects typical Buddhist architecture.
Planners use geographic information systems (GIS) to optimize land use in the city.
Buddhism is the majority religion of Singaporeans.
- 6. Multiple Choice
A popular American hamburger chain successfully entered the fast-food market in India by altering the menu to include vegetarian burgers instead of hamburgers made with beef. This example can best be described as
stimulus diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
relocation diffusion
independent invention
distance decay
- 7. Multiple Choice
The geopolitical setting of which of the following countries can be explained by its membership in the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War and its location along the European shatterbelt?
France
Bulgaria
Italy
Switzerland
Belgium
- 8. Multiple Choice
The map shows the Taiwan Strait. Which of the following best explains the global geopolitical significance of the Taiwan Strait?
The Taiwan Strait is a cultural boundary that separates populations of Chinese people who speak different languages.
The Taiwan Strait serves as a major international shipping route that serves large economies, such as South Korea, Japan, and the United States.
The Taiwan Strait is a militarily strategic chokepoint that China and Taiwan claim as territory.
The Taiwan Strait creates an obstacle to trade between Taiwan and China and hinders the region’s economy.
The Taiwan Strait is a remnant of the colonial relationship between China, Taiwan, and European countries.
- 9. Multiple Choice
In more developed countries, suburban development during the mid-twentieth century focused on moderate single-family homes on small lots. In contrast, in the latter half of the twentieth century, many suburban areas were developed to contain large lots with single-family homes. Which of the following explains the importance of this change in the pattern of development?
Urban sprawl resulted from the expansion of transportation networks dependent on cars.
Gentrification resulted from the reinvestment into existing urban residential real estate.
Brownfields resulted from the deindustrialization of factories, warehouses, ports, and rail yards.
Smart growth resulted from the planning of transportation networks dependent on trains and buses.
New urbanism resulted from the zoning of mixed-use districts dependent on walkways and bikeways.
- 10. Multiple Choice
EDGE CITY SPECIALIZATION IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA
Edge City -- Specialization
Tysons Corner, VA -- Telecommunications
Bethesda, MD -- Medical research
Pentagon City, VA -- Defense contracting
Reston, VA -- Information technology
Which of the following urban models best addresses the types of specialization in suburban business districts shown?
Burgess concentric zone
Galactic city
Urban realms
Hoyt sector
Borchert’s epochs
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following explains the development patterns for a country that has a large proportion of its economy engaged in the secondary economic sector?
The country exhibits extremely high land values as vast acreage is needed for manufacturing plants and luxury housing developments for manufacturing executives.
The country has an aging urban population and is importing day laborers from rural areas to keep up with the demands of production.
The country has a large population of well-educated labor, but it is widely dispersed around the country, distant from manufacturing facilities and employment opportunities.
The country has access to shipping lanes and inexpensive transport options that lead to establishment of factories close to raw materials or to markets, depending on the manufacturing process.
The country has available resources important to manufacturing, such as water and fossil fuels, but access is limited in many areas.
- 12. Multiple Choice
The map shows gross domestic product (GDP) by country. Which of the following factors best explains a limitation of GDP by country in comparing the level of productivity among countries?
Different agricultural outputs, such as Malaysia, Russia, and Greece
Similar-sized land areas, such as Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom
Significant petroleum exports, such Iran, Iraq, and Mexico
Similar workforces, such as South Korea, Spain, and France
Different population sizes, such as China, Japan, and the United States
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains the political pattern shown in the table?
The devolution of Yugoslavia occurred primarily along national lines, resulting in countries with a defined ethnic majority.
The breakup of Yugoslavia was the result of a civil war in which ethnic groups fought for control of the capital of Belgrade in Serbia.
The Balkanization of Yugoslavia resulted in the formation of new ethnic nationalities divided by differences in religion and language.
The dissolution of Yugoslavia resulted in some ethnic groups being aligned with capitalist Western Europe and others being aligned with communist Eastern Europe.
The downfall of Yugoslavia was a case of ethnic differences becoming a centripetal force in the formation of a multistate nation.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following explains why Korea and Vietnam were viewed as shatterbelts during the Cold War?
Korea and Vietnam were politically controlled by regional powers.
Korea and Vietnam kept two political adversaries geographically separated.
Korea and Vietnam fragmented into new states due to internal tensions.
Korea and Vietnam tried to control land and sea areas around their states.
Korea and Vietnam experienced conflict due to a dispute between global powers.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following agricultural practices has the most significant long-term environmental impact in tropical regions?
Clearing small patches of land to pasture dairy cows, which decreases water pollution from runoff
Building terraces on sloping land to grow rice, which destabilizes hillsides
Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity
Burning small areas of forested land for subsistence farming, which increases biodiversity
Moving livestock to higher pasture areas in the spring, which leads to soil degradation
- 16. Multiple Choice
In which of the following areas was wheat most probably domesticated earliest?
Southern Italy
Northern Libya
The plateau of central Mexico
Eastern China
Southeastern Turkey
- 17. Multiple Choice
The map shows the distribution of the language family that has the largest number of speakers in the world. Which statement correctly identifies the language family shown and the method of diffusion that best explains the pattern?
The map shows the distribution of the Amerindian language family, which diffused from its hearth in Canada and spread southward into South America through contagious diffusion and into Europe and Asia through trade and hierarchal diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which diffused from its hearth in China and spread into Europe by contagious diffusion and to the Americas through stimulus diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Uralic language family, which diffused from its hearth in Iceland and spread into northern Europe through contagious diffusion by Norse trading groups.
The map shows the distribution of the Indo-European language family, which diffused from its hearth in the Caucasus Mountains and spread throughout Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas, Africa, and Australia through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which diffused from it hearth in Egypt and spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and into Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
- 18. Multiple Choice
The state of California, often considered a hearth of environmental laws, will be the first state to ban plastic straws. Which of the following statements best describes the likely spread of this environmental practice?
This practice will likely spread via hierarchical diffusion when the president of the United States signs an executive order banning plastic straws in all states.
This practice will likely spread via social media and stimulus diffusion when other states enact identical laws banning plastic straws.
As regional news organizations report on the ban, this practice will likely spread through contagious diffusion only to western states adjacent to California.
Strong lobbying by the plastics industry will likely curtail the diffusion of the ban, and this practice will be limited to California.
Similar environmental laws will likely spread through stimulus diffusion to other states via political activism.
- 19. Multiple Choice
The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map?
Arithmetic density
Physiological density
Agricultural density
Urban density
Suburban density
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
China: birth rate = 13, death rate =7
Democratic Republic of the Congo: birth rate = 44, death rate = 10
Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7
Ivory Coast: birth rate = 37, death rate = 13
Hungary: birth rate = 10, death rate = 13
- 21. Multiple Choice
RIVER DELTA FORMATION, 1984 TO 2017
New Land Areas -- Land Added
Wax Lake Delta -- 14,536 acres
Atchafalaya River Delta -- 18,533 acres
Total -- 33,069 acres
The satellite images show changes to a portion of the
Louisiana coast between 1984 and 2017. The table shows the changes in land acreage. Which of the following best describes the changes and a consequence of the changes?
The expansion of coastal cities, which results in increased acreage of urban land cover
A decrease in the acreage of coastal land, which affects the prices of local property
An increase in the acreage of coastal land, which will be added to navigational charts for shipping
The rise of sea levels, which results in decreased land acreage available for homes and businesses
An increase in land acreage caused by the construction of polders for land reclamation
- 22. Multiple Choice
The images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why these printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth’s surface?
Some maps do not show the actual coloration of Earth’s surface and vegetation.
GIS can only display two-dimensional layers.
The planet’s gravitational poles are not located at the poles of Earth’s axis.
The three dimensions of Earth’s surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page.
Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location.
- 23. Multiple Choice
During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultural yields?
The increased yield of the Green Revolution in sub-Saharan Africa decreased the incidence of famine, but the program was unsuccessful in India because of poor soil quality.
Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores.
The Green Revolution was not successful in China because the strain of rice produced was prone to widespread crop failures, and China dropped out of the program.
Rice production surpassed all other crop production in sub-Saharan Africa, but corn production in Mexico was less successful because of the negative impact on the environment.
Persistent famine has occurred in India since new technologies associated with the Green Revolution were implemented because only the wealthy could afford the increased cost of the improved strains of rice.
- 24. Multiple Choice
As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?
Megalopolises
Financial districts
State capitals
Edge cities
Manufacturing zones
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