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- 1. Multiple Choice
A nongovernmental organization is planning a new international elementary education program. Based on the map shown, which of the following groups of countries would be the best candidates to receive funding?
Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador
Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia
Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of adult literacy rates presented in the map?
It provides an economic perspective on the productivity of each country’s workforce.
It provides an economic perspective on earnings for each country’s population.
It provides a political perspective on each country’s level of civic participation.
It provides a political perspective on each country’s system of government.
It provides a perspective on each country’s level of social development.
- 3. Multiple Choice
The darkest shading on the map indicates the areas with the highest population densities. Which of the following statements best describes the pattern of population density shown?
Manhattan appears to have the lowest population density at all three scales.
New York City’s hinterlands have the highest population density.
Population densities appear to be uniform at all three scales
New York City and New York State have similar population densities.
Manhattan appears to have the highest population density at all three scales.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which spatial patterns on the maps shown would be most helpful to someone selecting the location for a new coffee shop?
A
The map of New York State, because it shows the least and most densely populated counties in the state.
The map of New York City, because it shows which boroughs have the greatest number of people.
The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows both population density and the pattern of streets.
D
The map of the state of New York, because it shows where the largest cities are located.
The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows the shoreline of the island of Manhattan.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following geospatial technologies is typically used to analyze the data layers such as those shown in the maps?
Aerial photography interpretation
Satellite navigation systems
Remote sensing satellites
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Global positioning systems (GPS)
- 6. Multiple Choice
The maps show data most likely collected through
election results
census surveys
satellite imagery
informal observation
interviews
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following types of information is shown in the table?
Tax records
Military enlistments
Census data
Diplomatic records
School enrollments
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best explains the concept of sustainability?
Natural resources are the domain of humans because of the ability of humans to take appropriate action for their use without fear of resource depletion.
Natural resources should be used until they become too scarce or too expensive because of the immediate need for human survival.
Natural resource use should be balanced with the needs of the environment and future generations because many resources are nonrenewable.
Natural resources will be replaced by technological goods because of concerns that all natural resources will become obsolete within the next generation.
Natural resource use should generate economic profits because of the new technologies that make procuring the resources cost effective.
- 9. Multiple Choice
In 1854, London physician Dr. John Snow mapped the spatial relationship between deaths from the waterborne disease cholera and the locations of water pumps which brought in water directly from tunnels connected to the River Thames. From Snow’s research it was determined that a public water pump had been contaminated by sewage.
What geographic principle explains the significance of Snow’s research?
As cities remove natural resources from the landscape, those resources become insignificant.
Even in areas of urban land use, there is a significant relationship between nature and society.
Once water enters an area of urban land use, that water is no longer considered a natural resource.
The prosperity of a society is determined by environmental factors, such as the availability of natural resources.
Societies leave a cultural imprint on the land, such as the pattern of streets and water systems.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following questions must be answered in order to identify a functional region?
What specific characteristic defines a region?
What general characteristics define the area’s identity?
What do people call the region?
What languages are spoken in the area?
What area is influenced by a node?
- 11. Multiple Choice
For centuries, sugar crystals were made from the evaporated juice of sugarcane, a plant grown only in tropical and subtropical climates. In the 1800s, industrial methods were developed to manufacture crystalline sugar from sugar beets. This allowed for large amounts of sugar to be produced in colder, temperate climate zones.
Which of the following geographic concepts best explains the ability of humans to use technology to overcome the limitations of climate and modify the landscape?
Environmental determinism
Possibilism
Cultural relativism
Contagious diffusion
Political ecology
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following map scales would be used for the topographic map shown?
1:24,000
1:250,000
1:500,000
1:1,000,000
1:5,000,000
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following concepts best explains the differences among the values shown in the table?
Spatial analysis
Scale of analysis
Map scale
Relative location
Relative direction
- 14. Multiple Choice
With the dawn of the Jet Age, international airline travel increased rapidly after 1950, and much of this early growth in jet travel was between Europe and North America. Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern suggested by the table?
The volume of trade between Europe and North America increased.
The size of aircraft traveling between Europe and North America decreased.
The linear distance between Europe and North America decreased.
The absolute distance between Europe and North America increased.
The relative distance between Europe and North America decreased.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Based on the geospatial data in the example shown, which combination of technologies provides real-time data to emergency call centers to route police, fire, and ambulance vehicles directly to incidents in the shortest possible travel time?
Remote sensing satellites and cellular telephone towers
Census databases and property tax records
Social media sites and paper map atlases
Geographic information systems and global positioning satellites
Digital radio signals and vehicle call signs
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following terms best describes the suburban area of Illinois where many residents commute to Chicago?
Perceptual region
Functional region
Formal region
Conformal region
Equal area region
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following patterns is evident on the map of population density?
The Appalachian Mountains are less densely populated than the Rocky Mountains
The Midwest is much more densely populated than the Southeast.
The Great Plains are less densely populated than the Midwest.
The Pacific Coast is far less populated than the Atlantic Coast of the United States
The Rocky Mountains are more densely populated than the Southwest
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of the two map projections shown?
The Mercator projection accurately shows direction but distorts the size of some areas compared to the Robinson projection.
The Robinson projection accurately shows direction but distorts the size of some areas compared to the Mercator projection.
The Mercator projection accurately shows distances but distorts direction compared to the Robinson projection.
The Robinson projection accurately shows shapes but distorts direction compared to the Mercator projection.
The Mercator projection accurately shows area but distorts shapes compared to the Robinson projection.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the following map types is shown?
Isopleth
Choropleth
Dot density
Reference
Topographic
- 20. Multiple Choice
The data presented in the map shown depict
latitude in a Robinson projection
longitude in a Mercator projection
population in a cartogram
elevation topographic map
taxation in a flow-line map
- 21. Multiple Choice
In his book My Tears Spoiled My Aim, John Shelton Reed explains the difficulty of defining the American South.
“Where is the South? . . . The South is, to begin with, a concept—and a shared one. It’s an idea that people can talk about, think about, use to orient themselves and each other. People know whether they’re in it or not.”
Based on Reed’s explanation, the South is best described as which kind of region?
Functional
Formal
Vernacular
Peripheral
Linguistic
- 22. Multiple Choice
A political polling company wants to use census data to collect information on voters in a city by neighborhood. Based on the types of information collected in the survey form, which of the following could be mapped using census data?
The number of voting-age residents per household
The political party affiliation of the average resident
How residents voted in the last election
How voters might vote in the next national election
How voters stand on current issues
- 23. Multiple Choice
Market research reports and profiles of voting districts like those shown are examples of spatial analysis products. Which of the following data sources is most frequently used to create the spatial analysis products shown in the examples?
School enrollment records
Census surveys
Tax receipts
Loan applications
Utility bills
- 24. Multiple Choice
The table shows the types of information collected by a store regarding customer purchases. Which of the following data could be used in a geographical information system (GIS) to increase sales?
ZIP code
Number of customers
Number of transactions
Total transaction amount
Amount per transaction
- 25. Multiple Choice
The images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why these printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth’s surface?
Some maps do not show the actual coloration of Earth’s surface and vegetation.
GIS can only display two-dimensional layers.
The planet’s gravitational poles are not located at the poles of Earth’s axis.
The three dimensions of Earth’s surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page.
Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator projection?
The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated
The size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted
Countries near the Equator appear 50 percent larger than countries in the middle latitudes.
The projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses.
Distances on the Mercator projection are real and accurate.
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about the Robinson projection is correct?
It is more useful for long-distance navigation than the Mercator projection.
It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection.
It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes.
It is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator projection.
It is better for estimating territorial waters in lower latitudes than the Mercator projection
- 28. Multiple Choice
The satellite images show changes to a portion of the Louisiana coast between 1984 and 2017. The table shows the changes in land acreage. Which of the following best describes the changes and a consequence of the changes?
The expansion of coastal cities, which results in increased acreage of urban land cover
A decrease in the acreage of coastal land, which affects the prices of local property
An increase in the acreage of coastal land, which will be added to navigational charts for shipping
The rise of sea levels, which results in decreased land acreage available for homes and businesses
An increase in land acreage caused by the construction of polders for land reclamation
- 29. Multiple Choice
The maps show residential neighborhoods in the Republic of Singapore. Which of the following individuals or organizations would be most likely to make a decision based on the spatial pattern shown on the maps?
A person planning to move from a more rural area to a more urban area within Singapore
A business analyzing demographic change over time within its market area
An environmental advocacy group seeking to protect habitats of vulnerable species
A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities
A multinational corporation identifying a location for a new factory
- 30. Multiple Choice
An international company is looking to expand its network of factories, which use labor-intensive production methods, in a region of the world experiencing significant growth in the working-age population. Based on the data in the table, which of the following regions should the company choose?
North America, which will have faster working-age growth in 2015 to 2030 than in 2000 to 2015
Asia, which will have a faster working-age growth rate in 2015 to 2030 than in 2000 to 2015
Latin America, which had the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2000 to 2015
Asia, which will have the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2015 to 2030
Sub-Saharan Africa, which will have the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2015 to 2030
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the type of information provided in the directions?
Absolute location
Relative location
Cultural landscape
Geographic information systems
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which of the following spatial patterns accurately describes the data presented in the map?
Most continents have countries with secondary school enrollments below 75 percent
There are no countries in Africa with secondary school enrollments above 90 percent.
The majority of countries with less than 70 percent secondary school enrollment are in sub-Saharan Africa.
The secondary school enrollment is proportional to population density.
Landlocked countries have secondary school enrollments above 90 percent.
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of ethnicity in Singapore's neighborhoods?
Malay is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Indians live in the peripheral neighborhoods.
The three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian, are evenly distributed across the city.
Ethnic Chinese residents are in the majority across most of the city, while ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian residents are concentrated in the peripheral neighborhoods.
Ethnic Malay and ethnic Indians are evenly distributed throughout the city, while Chinese are only in the majority within the core central neighborhoods.
Indian is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Malay live in the peripheral neighborhoods.
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which of the following concepts could best be explained by the theory of possibilism?
Regional differences between the internal structures of cities
Changes in population growth rates over time
Limitations on agricultural crops based on climate
Political patterns seen in election maps
Modification of landscapes by human cultures
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which of the following global trends best exemplifies the concept of sustainability?
An increase in the use of agricultural pesticides, because farms using agricultural chemicals produce more food.
An increase in the use of electric vehicles, because their reduced emissions result in less environmental pollution.
A decrease in the amount of polar sea ice, because it opens more sea lanes for shipping.
An increase in the number of people living in coastal areas, because residents will feel more connected to nature.
A decrease in the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture, because large irrigated farms produce food more efficiently.
- 36. Multiple Choice
The concept of environmental sustainability is best explained by which of the following examples?
Strip-mining of coal on mountainsides, to keep miners from working in underground conditions
Terracing rice paddies on hillsides, to prevent soil erosion and provide gravity-fed irrigation
Clear-cutting trees in coastal woodlands, to provide building materials for constructing homes
Fattening cattle in dryland feedlots, to practice agriculture efficiently and at the lowest cost
Draining of wetlands in residential areas, to reduce the presence of stinging insects
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which of the following scales of analysis would provide demographic data that could be used to compare one urban neighborhood to other urban neighborhoods across a country?
State or province
Metropolitan area or urban region
County or parish (in Quebec and Louisiana)
City or municipality
Census tract or enumeration area
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which of the following scales is represented in the map shown?
Local, showing the towns and township areas in a county
Regional, showing the states or provinces in one part of a country
State or province, showing the counties or parishes
Neighborhood, showing the block along street boundaries
Block, showing the property lines and names of owners
- 39. Multiple Choice
Why would a town planner use a map at the 1:24,000 scale rather than a map at the 1:250,000 scale?
The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows a much larger area.
The map at the 1:24,000 scale is easily converted to non-metric measurements.
The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows the town close-up in more detail.
The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows the town in too much detail.
The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows too small of an area to see the whole town.
- 40. Multiple Choice
Which of the following terms best describes regions that make up the political geographic divisions within a country?
Cultural
Perceptual
Vernacular
Physical
Formal
- 41. Multiple Choice
Read the definitions below and then answer the question that follows.
Watershed: A region in which all rainfall eventually flows downhill through a system of streams and tributaries into the same body of water, such as the catchment basin of a river or lake.
Milkshed: A region in which fresh milk is produced and can be delivered without spoilage for sale and consumption. A dairy farm sits at the center of an area, the size of which is determined by how far fresh milk can be shipped and still maintain shelf-life for consumers.
Given the definitions, watersheds and milksheds can best be classified as what type of region?
Culture
Formal
Functional
Industrial
Vernacular
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are the best examples of vernacular regions?
The Canadian Maritimes and the Northwest Territory
The American West and the American Midwest
South Africa and Australia
South America and the Caribbean
Scandinavia and the Iberian Peninsula
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