A German novelist during the 19th century that realized that plots of stories and even novels have common patterns which can be summarized in a diagram.

It is small events and telltale signs that tell you that the conflict is about to begin.

Is when the complication begins to show itself on the characters, setting, and events in the story

This is when the story starts to become more exciting.

It is the event with the greatest tension in the story.

This is when the characters know the truth, act on their impulses, make rash decision or decide to do something.

This part usually signals how the story will end.

It is the result of the climax, and it is the part when things start falling into place for the characters.

It is where readers reach the conclusion of the story, the story also reaches a premature resolution of the conflicts, problems, and issues that were raised in the previous parts of the story.

It is a French term means the “ending”

This is where the story reaches its final conclusion, and the writer starts to get ready to tell the ending by the way of explaining a finality, a flashback, a peace treaty, or anything to make the story complete.

A part that includes an explanation of what had happened and how the characters think or feel about this.

Selections such as “Summer Solstice” explore the issue, for it is one that may affect the way you live, function and survive in the culture you’re in.

The Freytag Pyramid does not always apply to every single short story ever written, There are some short stories, especially the modern ones, which will lack or miss out on one part of the pyramid and are still considered as stories.

In learning about literature, it is always best that you start with the Freytag Pyramid so as to comprehend the deeper features of the story and its key elements – those that make it an effective and satisfying read.

He was a Filipino writer and journalist best known for his short stories and novels in the English language.

Joaquín was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines for Literature.

Pen name of Nick Joaquin

Irony happens in your life more often than you realize

When a situation feels “ironic”, you need to assess your reaction to the event and think about the most appropriate course of action to respond to it.

She is a dancer, visual artist, and writer who was born in Legaspi City and tackles themes of diaspora, immigrant cultures, and magic realism in her fiction.

When what is said by the character is not what he or she originally meant.

When the actual outcome of a situation (the conclusion) is different from the expected outcome. This is also known as the twists and turns in a story.

Which is when the readers know more than the characters in the story.

Philippine theater began just like any other genre of literature – with precolonial indigenous drama.

Indigenous dramas weren't discarded when the Spaniards came.

These constitute rituals, verbal jousts or games, and songs and dances praising their respective gods.

The comedy or komedya and zarzuela or sarsuela were the two main categories of drama brought by the Spaniards which replaced the indigenous dramas

plays that depict the lives, loves, and wars of Moor and Christians.

Aside from providing entertainment, to the people from the pueblos, the dramas brought by the Spaniards served as teaching tools for the religion they brought with them which is Christianity.

Is a type of theater that is musical in nature – it is both spoken and sung.

The first zarzuela in the Philippines was staged in 1878 or 1879 and was written by Francisco Asnjo Barbieri in 1855, entitled Jugar Con Fuego (Play with Fire).

It is the Teatro Zorilla was inaugurated as the home of zarzuelas.

A zarzuela written by Jose Rizal which was staged in 1880.

Indigenized zarzuela characterized by music, prose, dance, dialogue, and a discussion of contemporary subjects.

Philippine theater has changed and incorporated many modern elements to keep it relevant to its growing audience.

A theater show by Liza Magtoto that gained unprecedented success because of how it showed how Filipinos are still craving for plays that feature not only contemporary and important issues, but also fun, music, and dance.