NEW
Classify the following materials as rock or mineral.
rock
mineral
Which statement best explains why this extrusive volcanic rock does not have visible crystals?
It is homogeneous and composed of a soft mineral.
It does not contain atoms of any Earth minerals.
It cooled down before large crystals could form
It wasn’t exposed to friction during its formation.
A region of metamorphic rock lies far beneath Earth’s surface. In time, which two ways can the rock make its way upward to Earth’s surface, where people are able to see it?
It can be transported by water and deposited on Earth’s surface.
It can uplift slowly due to the pressure of Earth’s plates.
It can become intrusive igneous rock through compaction and cementation.
It can be transported by wind and deposited on Earth’s surface.
It can melt into magma and recrystallize as extrusive igneous rock.
Sandra is an avid hiker. She’s found a rock while hiking near the Camden Gorge that looks like a bunch of shells that were glued together with sand. A few pieces of broken pebbles poke out near its edges.
It is a metamorphic rock that experienced tremendous heat and pressure due to massive, moving tectonic plates.
It is a sedimentary rock made primarily from lithification of organic material.
It is an igneous rock that was formed above Earth’s surface.
Sandra is an avid hiker. She’s found a rock while hiking near the Camden Gorge that looks like it was molded like clay and stretched from both the sides. Its surface is covered with a pattern of wavy, elongated stripes.
Sandra is an avid hiker. She’s found a rock while hiking near the Camden Gorge that has a smooth, glassy
texture. It has no visible crystals. It is a piece of solidified magma.
The events describe the formation of an extrusive igneous rock. Which event happens first?
Hot magma erupts as lava above Earth’s surface during a volcanic eruption.
Being exposed to a cooler temperature, the lava starts cooling down quickly.
The lava solidifies into a rock formation with a fine-grained or smooth surface.
Rocks in Earth’s mantle and crust melt due to extreme temperatures and turn into magma.
The events describe the formation of an extrusive igneous rock. Which event happens last?
According to the theory of plate tectonics, what drives the motion of the continents?
Earth's strong magnetic field
moving magma in the mantle
strong winds along the equator
volcanic islands in the ocean
changing ocean currents
Magnetometers revealed that the basalt rocks along the mid-ocean ridges are aligned in alternating, symmetrical patterns. Which 2 factors are responsible for this orientation?
age of the rocks
magnetic polarity of the rocks
shape of the rock
depth of the rock
variations in water color
The image shows a tectonic plate boundary between the North American and Pacific Plates known as the San Andreas Fault. The arrows show the direction that each plate is moving. Which type of boundary does the plate movement represent?
convergent plate boundary
divergent plate boundary
transform plate boundary
subduction plate boundary
stationary boundary
Which diagram shows a convergent boundary?
Which diagram shows where a volcano would be?
Which diagram shows where a rift valley would be?
Which diagram shows where a mid-ocean ridge would be?
Convection currents are formed in Earth’s ___________________ which contains magma.
crust
mantle
core
Magma is _______________________ rock.
inflammable
weathered
molten
Magma _____________________ due to the heat from Earth’s interior.
dissolves and diffuses
expands and contracts
cools and solidifies
Where is the natural light display called aurora borealis located?
location A
location B
location C
location D
Why are regions where convection currents diverge more suitable for building geothermal power stations?
Divergent boundaries create mountains on which to install the stations.
Energy from magma at divergent boundaries is cleaner.
Divergent boundaries are unaffected by magma convection currents.
Divergent boundaries allow heat to rise faster.
Cause: Earth is covered by a crust that runs miles deep. What's the effect?
Effect: The mantle is insulated from the atmosphere and retains tremendous heat.
Effect: Magma at the core-mantle boundary rises and convection currents are formed.
Effect: Pressure builds up, eventually leading to an earthquake.
Cause: Radiogenic heat rises to heat molten magma. What's the effect?
Cause: Tectonic plates at transform boundaries experience friction. What's the effect?
Which type of heat transfer relates to density differences within fluids?
convection
conduction
radiation
Which type of heat transfer does not require a medium or physical contact to transfer heat?
Which type of heat transfer occurs during physical contact between solid objects not in thermal equilibrium?
Earthquakes sometimes occur when
a volcanic island moves away from a hot spot and goes extinct
the solid rock layer in the lithosphere is no longer influenced by the more fluid asthenosphere
a transform boundary causes excessive amounts of friction between two tectonic plates
a divergent boundary abruptly reverses roles to become a convergent boundary
Some underwater earthquakes shake the ocean floor and cause large sea waves that destroy property and threaten lives. Such a sea wave is called
an avalanche
a tsunami
a tidal wave
a landslide
The map shows tectonic plates on Earth. The red arrows indicate which plates are converging, diverging, or transforming. Identify the point closest to a subduction zone.
What happens when oceanic crust collides with continental crust at a plate boundary?
The continental crust moves closer to the mantle.
The oceanic crust floats above the continental crust.
Some oceanic crust is consumed into the mantle.
Fresh oceanic crust is formed along the boundary line.
Ocean water changes the continental crust into oceanic crust.
Which 3 geographic features are associated with a divergent boundary?
hydrothermal vents
continental mountains
ridges
subduction trench
rifts
Oceanic-continental convergence causes new rock to form from freshly erupted magma. Which step is first?
Rocks from the existing crust enter the mantle and undergo partial melting
The dense oceanic plate sinks beneath the buoyant continental plate, and water from the oceanic crust enters the mantle.
Continental and oceanic plates collide due to the movement of plates.
Once exposed to air, the magma cools rapidly into a solid form called rock.
The interaction of fluids and melted rocks produces molten magma. The magma breaks through Earth’s crust under enormous pressure.
Oceanic-continental convergence causes new rock to form from freshly erupted magma. Which step is last?
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