a ruler or powerful landowner

an armed warrior

a medieval knight’s code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for women

in feudalism, a person who worked the land

a deep, wide ditch often filled with water

a person who belonged to a tribe or group that was considered uncivilized

the highest type of European noble, ranking just below a prince

a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ

a person of high rank by birth or title

the Christian church headed by the pope in Rome

the belief that God gives the monarch the right to rule

the bishop of Rome and supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church

a large estate including farmlands and villages held by a lord

A system organizing people according to ranks; those with a higher rank have more power than those with a lower rank

land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

a ruler such as a king or queen