On a political survey, Patrick Yang reveals that he rarely votes, because he does not believe the federal government listens to or responds to his needs, nor does he think the average citizen has much influence over political affairs.

A political scientist would characterize these attitudes as representing which of the following?

Which pairing below correctly matches both a constitutional protection of voting rights and a past or current structural barrier to voting?

Constitutional protection of voting rightsStructural barrier to voting

A.The right to vote will not be denied or abridged on account of sexRational choice

B.Literacy tests cannot be used as a voter qualificationFelony disenfranchisement

C.The right of citizens who are 18 years or older to vote cannot be deniedPoll taxes

D.The right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitudeParty-line voting

Tom Haverford has never voted in an election before, but is excited about Leslie Knope’s campaign promises and decides to support her in the 2020 presidential election in hopes that she will be able to achieve those policy goals.

Which model of voting behavior does this best represent?