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20 questions
These regions in DNA control the synthesis of polypeptides and enzymes.
exons
operons
introns
structural genes
In the Jacob Monod Model, these compounds remove the repressor protein attached to the operator gene, allowing the RNA polymerase to synthesize protein.
supressor
regulator
inducer
activator protein
This control mechanism decreases the expression of the operon, due to the elevated levels of an active catabolite (i.e. cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
positive control
substrate induction
feeedback inhibition
catabolite repression
What type of modification in the branched pathway, allows different end-products to produce similar enzymes?
cumulative feedback regulation
concerted or multivalent feedback regulation
isoenzymes with specific regulatory effectors
sequential feedback inhibition
Amino acid production is regulated in stringent strains through the production of these phophates
adenosine monophosphate
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate
adenosine triphosphate
This control mechanism enables microorganism to retain molecules inside their cell and prevent entry of unwanted molecules.
proton motive force
metabolic control
entry-exit mechanism
permeability control
The transportation of solutes across the cellular membrane which requires the use of adenosine triphosphate or through proton motive force
passive transport
active transport
diffusion
facilitated difussion
This example of passive transport occurs in water molecules
facilitated diffusion
difussion
simple diffusion
osmosis
In this method for overproduction of end-products, modified enzymes are produced by microbial mutants resistant to compounds similar to the desired material
substrate induction
reverse mutation
use of toxic or feedback resistant analogues
use of penicillin
These methods would allow increase in the permeability of the cellular membrane, allowing compounds to easily diffuse, except?
deficiency in biotin
modifications of temperature
use of surfacace acting agents
use of penicillin
To increase secondary metabolite production, temperature must be adjusted to ______.
0° Celsius
25° Celsius
37° Celsius
5-10° Celsius
The control mechanism for retrieval of glutamate from fermenting microbial cell is through _________.
feedback inhibition
metabolic control
permeability control
negative control
Mutant organisms which require a specific compound for them to grow are known as _______.
heterotrophs
auxotrophs
phototrophs
chemotrophs
It is the measure to which ATP-ADP-AMP systems of the cell contains high energy phosphate bonds
control charge
phosphate charge
adenylate charge
cellular charge
This feedback regulation in the branched pathway shows that individual end products have little or no negative inhibitory effect on the primary enzyme, but when these end-products function at the same time they act as potent inhibitors
sequential
cumulative or cooperative
compensatory antagonism
concerted or multivalent
Organisms which can efficiently utilize nutrient and energy sources are referred to as ________.
overproducing
relaxed
stringent
auxotrophic
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