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forests resulting from secondary ecological succession that develop after the trees in an area have been removed by human activities or by natural forces
deforestation
old growth/primary forest
tree plantation
second growth forest
arrangement in which participating countries act as custodians of protected forest reserves in return for foreign aid or debt relief
conservation concession
deforestation
prescribed burn
debt for nature swap
strategy in which governments or private conservation organizations pay governments or landowners in other nations to preserve their land’s natural resources for a set amount of time
conservation concession
deforestation
prescribed burn
debt for nature swap
uncut or regenerated forest that has not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for two hundred years or more
tree plantation
old growth/primary growth forest
deforestation
second growth forest
unfenced grassland in temperate and tropical climates that supplies vegetation for grazing and browsing animals
rangeland
pasture
overgrazing
deforestation
temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses
tree plantation
deforestation
old growth/primary forest
second growth forest
managed grassland or enclosed meadow often planted with domesticated grasses or other vegetation to be grazed by livestock
rangeland
pasture
overgrazing
deforestation
too many animals grazing an area for too long, leading to reduced grass cover, which in turn leads to erosion that compacts soil and reduces its capacity to hold water
rangeland
pasture
overgrazing
deforestation
deliberate alteration of a damaged habitat or ecosystem to a state close to its original one
reconciliation ecology
biodiversity hotspot
ecological restoration
wilderness area
outer zone surrounding a strictly protected inner core of a reserve where local people can extract resources sustainably
biosphere reserve
buffer zone
pasture
wilderness area
area that contains a strictly protected core ecosystem surrounded by a buffer zone where local people can extract resources sustainably
biosphere reserve
buffer zone
pasture
wilderness area
area that has not been disturbed by humans and that is protected by law from all harmful human activities
biosphere reserve
buffer zone
pasture
wilderness area
carefully planned and controlled fire that removes flammable small trees and underbrush in the highest risk forest areas
conservation concession
deforestation
prescribed burn
debt for nature swap
area of ocean needed to sustain the consumption of an average person, a nation, or the world, based on the weight of fish he, she, or they consume annually
buffer zone
fishery
deforestation
fishprint
area rich in highly endangered endemic species
reconciliation ecology
biodiversity hotspot
ecological restoration
wilderness area
managed forest containing only one or two species of trees that are all the same age
old growth/primary forest
tree plantation
second growth forest
deforestation
method of protecting terrestrial biodiversity by finding ways for humans to share with other species some of the spaces they dominate
reconciliation ecology
biodiversity hotspot
ecological restoration
wilderness area
concentration of an aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in an ocean area or inland body of water
buffer zone
fishery
deforestation
fishprint
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