18 questions
Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of the atom?
Electrons and neutrons
Protons and electrons
Electrons and ions
Protons and neutrons
The number of protons in an atom is known as the atom's __________.
atomic weight
atomic number
mass number
nuclear number
Atoms that are of the same element but contain different numbers of neutrons are called
isotopes
cations.
isomers.
anions.
None of these are correct.
Ions with a negative charge are called
polyatomic ions.
anions.
radicals.
cations.
None of these are correct.
Which type of reaction is depicted here?
Decomposition
Synthesis
Reversible
Exchange
The energy of motion is called what?
hydrolysis
anabolism
potential energy
kinetic energy
Chemical reactions that release energy are categorized as ________.
hydrolytic
endergonic
catabolic
anabolic
exergonic
Which of the following molecules are considered inorganic?
Lipids
DNA
Water
Proteins
The most acidic solution would have a pH of ________.
14
7
0
10
4
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
cellulose
glycogen
fructose
starch
sucrose
What is the function of the compound seen here?
to serve as an energy reserve
to serve as a template for proteins
to store simple sugars
to form cell membranes
Which of the following is connected by peptide bonds and function as a building block for proteins?
lipids
peptides
amino acids
polypeptides
What type of molecule is represented here?
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule ________.
thymine
adenine
ribose
adenosine diphosphate
phospholipid
Recall that atoms are the smallest stable units of matter (as you saw in Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology). In the first level of organization, the chemical level, atoms combine to form larger structures, such as molecules or groups of molecules, with complex shapes. In the second level of organization, different molecules interact to form larger structures with specific functions. After the chemical level, what is the next or second level of organization?
organ level of organization
organ system level of organization
cellular level of organization
tissue level of organization
Recall that carbon is the second most common element in our body and is found in all organic molecules. Recall, too, that carbon atoms contain four electrons in their outer electron shell. With this number of electrons, carbon atoms may form up to four single covalent bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between bonding atoms. What kind of covalent bond is formed when the electrons are NOT shared equally between the bonding atoms, for example, when hydrogen and oxygen atoms bond in a water molecule?
double
hydrogen
ionic
polar
Generally it is accepted that some kinds of fatty acids are healthier than others. What fatty acid found in fish is associated with reduced risks for heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases?
trans fatty acids
polyunsaturated fatty acids
omega-3 fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
Diets that contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. What makes a saturated fatty acid different from an unsaturated fatty acid?
Diets that contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. What makes a saturated fatty acid different from an unsaturated fatty acid?
The carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids have four single covalent bonds and therefore have only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acids have single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
All of the carbon to carbon bonds in saturated fatty acids are double covalent bonds.