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- 1. Multiple Choice
The diagram below provides information about a carrot cell. A carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following diagrams illustrates the correct number of chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis?
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how mitosis maintains genetic continuity?
The chromosomes in cell 1 are the same as in cells 6 and 7.
Crossing-over occurs in cell 4, which increases the genetic diversity in cells 6 and 7.
When the nuclear membrane reforms in cell 5, each nucleus becomes diploid in number.
The independent assortment that is represented in cell 2 ensures that cell 3 has the correct number of chromosome.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Julia and Vinay's teacher was walking around the laboratory
during the experiment asking students questions to deepen their thinking about their results. She told Julia and Vinay that one of the cell samples contains bacteria. Then she asked them, "How would you describe the process of genetic information being passed from parent to offspring in organisms like bacteria?"
Which response would most accurately answer the question Julia and Vinay's teacher posed?
The organism undergoes mitosis and creates genetically diverse offspring.
The organism undergoes meiosis and creates genetically diverse offspring.
The organism undergoes binary fission and creates genetically identical offspring.
The organism undergoes sexual reproduction and creates genetically identical offspring.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which best explains how binary fission contributes to the genetic continuity of a population?
Binary fission maintains genetic continuity because the daughter cells contain twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
Binary fission maintains genetic continuity because the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Binary fission does not maintain genetic continuity because the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Binary fission does not maintain genetic continuity because the daughter cells contain a smaller number of chromosomes than the parent cell.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which model correctly shows how the process of mitosis affects genetic continuity?
Model 1 because during mitosis, two daughter cells receive half of the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Model 2 because during mitosis, one daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Model 3 because during mitosis, two identical daughter cells receive the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Model 4 because during mitosis, four daughter cells receive one quarter of the chromosomes of the parent cell.
- 6. Multiple Choice
If an environment experiences change, which BEST predicts the population that is MOST LIKELY to survive?
the population that reproduces asexually and undergoes mitosis
the population that reproduces sexually and undergoes mitosis
the population that reproduces asexually and undergoes meiosis.
the population that reproduces sexually and undergoes meiosis
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes how both of these cellular division processes maintain genetic continuity?
Both processes creates cells with half the genetic material of the parent cells.
Both processes create cells with twice the genetic material of the parent cells.
Both processes involve the replication and division of identical genetic material.
Both process involve the recombination and division of new genetic material.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Oocyte is the female gamete. It has half number of chromosomes as compared to other cells of the body. Which process is responsible for division of chromosomes in oocytes?
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
Mitosis
Fertilization
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which statement regarding this process is correct?
Cell A contains DNA that is only 75% identical to cell
Cell C contains DNA that is only 50% identical to cell
Cell B contains the same genetic information as cells A and C.
Cells A, B, and C contain different DNA.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?
Both are methods of assexual reproduction with only one parent.
Both involve replicating DNA before the division of the nucleus
Both reduce the number of chromosomes by half.
Both take place only within reproductive cells.
- 11. Multiple Choice
By what process does a prokaryotic cell reproduce?
mitosis
meiosis
binary fission
spontaneous generation
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following processes produces genetic diversity?
Binary fission
Meiosis
Mitosis
Cloning
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains how meiosis changes the DNA of successive generations?
Meiosis doubles the amount of egg and sperm cells.
Meiosis only produces egg cells found in female zygotes.
Meiosis produces gametes that aid in asexual reproduction.
Meiosis provides variation in the gametes produced by an organism.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which chemical equation represents what is taking place at X?
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → sugars + oxygen
oxygen + water + minerals → sugars + carbon dioxide + sunlight
oxygen + water + sunlight → carbon dioxide + water
carbon dioxide + minerals + water → oxygen + sunlight
- 15. Multiple Choice
The process taking place at X is
Carbon Fixing
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen Fixing
Respiration
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is correct for blank W?
Chlorplast
Water and Oxygen
Energy Release
Mitochondria
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is correct for blank Z?
water and oxygen
oxygen and glucose
energy release
mitochondria
- 18. Multiple Choice
The process of photosynthesis produces
sugar molecules and oxygen, which are essential for cell respiration in plants and animals.
carbon dioxide and water, which are essential for breathing in plants and animals.
nitrogen, which is necessary for protein making.
water, which is necessary to prevent loss of water.
- 19. Multiple Choice
In photosynthesis, chlorophyll performs which of the following functions?
It changes hydrogen bonds into water.
It changes light energy into chemical energy.
It changes glucose molecules into starch.
It changes water and carbon dioxide into sugars.
- 20. Multiple Choice
All life depends on the availability of usable energy. When is this energy released?
when animal cells carry out the process of respiration
when respiration occurs in the cells of plants
when plants convert solar energy into chemical energy
when animal cells synthesize starch and carbon
- 21. Multiple Choice
After photosynthesis is complete, which of the following will most likely happen to the energy provided by sunlight?
It will be given off as heat.
It will be released into the air.
It will be absorbed by the water produced.
It will be stored in glucose molecules.
- 22. Multiple Choice
An important step in cellular respiration is
the creation of phosphate.
the creation of oxygen.
the breakdown of carbon dioxide.
the breakdown of glucose.
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which question can the student answer using the diagram?
Where is water stored in the process of cellular respiration?
What are the inputs and outputs in the process of photosynthesis?
Where is glucose stored after it is created through photosynthesis?
What is the ratio of glucose and water created through cellular respiration?
- 24. Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
to break down sugars and give energy
to break down sugars and give energy
to create oxygen for animals to breathe
to make sugars and store energy
- 25. Multiple Choice
What process do your cells perform to obtain energy from the glucose you eat?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
- 26. Multiple Choice
What statement best compares the biochemical processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis is the bacterial process of creating energy while cellular respiration is the eukaryotic process of releasing energy.
Photosynthesis is the process of trapping the energy of the sun and storing it in glucose. Cellular respiration is the process of releasing the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose.
Photosynthesis is the plant process of releasing and utilizing energy while cellular respiration is the animal process of releasing and utilizing energy.
Photosynthesis is the process of trapping the energy of glucose. Cellular respiration is the process of releasing the energy stored in the bonds of the cell.
- 27. Multiple Choice
How does the cell obtain energy for the process?
The cell obtains the needed energy from food.
the cell obtains the needed energy from sunlight.
the cell makes the needed energy from soil nutrients
the cell makes the needed energy in mitochondria.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly identifies the type(s) of cell division described in rows X and Y?
Row X and Y describe mitosis.
Row X and Y describes meiosis.
Row X describes meiosis, while row Y describes mitosis.
Row X describes meiosis, while row Y describes meiosis.
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which table correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA
- 30. Multiple Choice
The process by which DNA is transferred to a messaenger (mRNA) is called
transcription
transition
translation
translocation
- 31. Multiple Choice
What is the process by which DNA copies itself into new cells?
translation
transcription
replication
duplication
- 32. Multiple Choice
What is the function of RNA?
to make chromosomes
to prevent mutations
to determine the sex of the individual
to use information from DNA for proteins synthesis
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which molecule is produced during transcription?
a DNA molecule
a RNA molecule
a carbohydrate
a protein
- 34. Multiple Choice
How do the functions of DNA and RNA differ?
DNA directs protein transport, while RNA aids in energy production.
DNA aids in energy production while RNA directs protein transport.
DNA stores genetic information, while RNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis.
DNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis while RNA stores genetic information.
- 35. Multiple Choice
Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown above.
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
- 36. Multiple Choice
A mouse in a field eats food containing high amounts of a certain pesticide. The pesticide causes a mutation to occur in the liver cells of the mouse. Which of the following statements is most likely correct?
The mutation will spread to offspring because it is in a dominant gene.
The mutation will not spread to offspring because it is not in a sex cell.
The mutation will spread to offspring because it is beneficial.
The mutation will not spread to offspring because it is in a recessive gene
- 37. Multiple Choice
Ezra was born with an extra chromosome number 21 due to a process called nondisjunction, which is shown above. Ezra has Down Syndrome. Ezra's sister does not have an extra chromosome number 21 and so she does not have Down Syndrome. What conclusion about nondisjunction can be drawn?
It causes genetic variation that causes mutations to occur.
It causes genetic variation that cannot be replicated in cells.
It causes genetic variation that can affect the traits of an individual.
It causes genetic variation that cannot affect the traits of an individual.
- 38. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows the process of crossing over. What claim about crossing over in chromosomes is best supported by the diagram?
Crossing over increases genetic diversity through deletion.
Crossing over decreases genetic diversity through mutation.
Crossing over increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes.
Crossing over decreases genetic diversity by inserting nucleotides into gene sequences.
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which statement is true about mutations?
Mutations are always beneficial.
Mutations are always harmful in plants.
Mutations can be caused by high-energy radiation.
Mutations only affect humans.
- 40. Multiple Choice
The Punnett square in the figure above shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color assort independently. Which statement summarizes the law of independent assortment?
A parent can pass on only one allele of each gene to any one offspring.
A recessive trait will only be expressed if two recessive alleles are present.
The chance of inheriting an allele is not affected by inheriting any other allele.
The probability of offspring inheriting either allele from a parent is 50%.
- 41. Multiple Choice
A boy has brown hair and blue eyes. His brother has brown eyes. The fact that they have different combinations of traits is best explained by the concept of
incomplete dominance
independent assortment
sex linkage
mitotic recombination
- 42. Multiple Choice
Why is the process of meiosis so important?
No organism can reproduce without meiosis
No organism can grow without meiosis
Meiosis can contribute to genetic variation
Meiosis prevents genetic variation.
- 43. Multiple Choice
A red rose bush cross-pollinates a white rose bush. The offspring have white flowers with red streaks. What type of inheritance is this?
Codominance
Crossing Over
Multiple alleles
Incomplete dominance
- 44. Multiple Choice
In the dihybrid cross for pea plants shown below, R is dominant for round peas, r is recessive for wrinkled peas, Y is dominant for yellow peas, and y is recessive for green peas. Which statement could be accurately made about the offspring of this cross?
There is a 100% chance of having round, green peas.
There is no chance of having any wrinkled, green peas.
There is a 50% chance of having round, yellow peas.
There is no chance of having any round, yellow peas.
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which punnett square demonstrates a pattern of incomplete dominance?
- 46. Multiple Choice
A student draws a Punnett square where two parents that are heterozygous for dimples are crossed. Dimples (D) are dominant to no dimples (d).
25%
50%
75%
100%
- 47. Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST explains an advantage in a rapidly changing environment of species that utilize sexual reproduction over those that utilize asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction leads to more diversity in the offspring, increasing the species's chance of surviving in a rapidly changing environment.
Asexual reproduction leads to more diversity in the offspring, increasing the species's chance of surviving in a rapidly changing environment.
The offspring are produced more quickly in sexual reproduction, so they can be produced fast enough to keep up with a rapidly changing environment.
The offspring can be produced with little energy in asexual reproduction, so more energy is available for adapting to a rapidly changing environment.
- 48. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows a single-celled organism reproducing. What is an advantage of this type of reproduction?
It allows a species to avoid harmful mutations.
It enables a species to increase its genetic variability.
It allows a species to withstand long periods of unstable environmental conditions.
It enables a species to rapidly populate an environment that has favorable conditions.
- 49. Multiple Choice
Being genetically identical to the parent is most advantageous for organisms in which situation?
Mates cannot be found easily and the species is dying out.
The environment is changing and fast reproduction is needed.
Many offspring are needed in a very short amount of time.
The environment is just like the one the parent lived in successfully
- 50. Multiple Choice
A male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material. Which argument supports this claim?
A mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis, allowing one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.
A nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.
A substitution mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to replace the genetic material of a nearby chromosome, causing the child to have three copies of chromosome 18.
An insertion mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to be inserted into the genetic material of another chromosome, causing three copies of chromosome 18 to be made.
- 51. Multiple Choice
The loss of an adequate Cavendish banana seed supply could result in extinction of this variety.
The changes in characteristics from a parent plant to a clone will produce inconsistent plants that are less healthy
The lack of genetic variability among clones puts the whole species at increased risk of extinction through a catastrophic disease or pest.
The increasing number of homologous sets of chromosomes with each successive generation of clones will eventually result in widespread death of banana plants.
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