The daily rain showers made the soil soggy and unworkable.

The short growing seasons made it hard to grow enough food.

The sun was hot, and there was little rain.

Farmland was scarce because of the dense forests.

crowded living conditions

food shortages

lack of job opportunities

competition for land

the desire for a new beginning

the search for gold

the need for food

the need to escape enemies

People had to remain nomads in order to survive.

People came to the foothills to learn farming before returning to their homes elsewhere.

The foothills did not have what was necessary to sustain life.

People settled in one place, and the population grew.

inadequate. Farmers never had enough water.

unreliable. Farmers had either too much water or too little.

extreme. Farmers had too much water all the time.

contaminated. Farmers rarely had enough clean water.

planting crops before the floods came

growing crops in the foothills and not on the plains

controlling the water supply

hiring workers from nearby communities

They built levees to prevent flooding.

They dug canals to shape the paths the water took

They built reservoirs to store water for later use

all of the above

a spending spree

bank

credit card

purchase

A dirty canal was bad for the tourist industry.

A clogged canal could spoil the entire system.

An unsanitary canal would make villagers ill.

all of the above

the king

their own benefit

a regular paycheck

the common good

the need to maintain irrigation systems

the desire for a more diverse community

the hunger for power and authority

the need to protect themselves from their enemies v

Your crops would be fine as long as you kept the canal on your land clear.

Nothing; the canals are not that important to farmers.

The system could clog up and ruin everyone’s crops.

all of the above

Sumerians had a peaceful civilization in which they shared water equally.

Sumerians fought when one city kept water away from another city.

Sumerians had massive mountain ranges to protect them from their enemies.

Sumerians bribed their enemies with water to keep them from attacking.

to grow vine crops, such as pumpkins and beans

to insulate themselves from the bitter winter winds

to protect themselves against attacking neighbors

to honor their gods with memorials

The walls were made of wood cut from trees in the foothills.

The walls were made of bricks using local mud.

The walls were made of stones from a quarry in the Zagros Mountains.

The walls were made of steel obtained through trade with Egypt.

Cities located upriver could block the water flow for cities downriver.

Water was only available to the lucky few who lived next to the canals.

No one could make money from the water because it was freely available to everyone.

People who lived downriver could use all the water before it reached the cities upriver.