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50 questions
Which one of the following answer choices is not one of the three terms used to classify rocks? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Lava
What answer choice best describes particles of organic or inorganic matter that accumulate loose, unconsolidated form? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Hydrologic Cycle
Metamorphic Rocks
Sediments
Igneous Rocks
What answer choice is NOT one of the ways sediments originate or are created? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
From the weathering and erosion of rocks
From the inactivity of living organisms
From volcanic eruptions
From the behavior and movements of organisms while they were living
From chemical processes within H2O itself
Based on diameter, what answer choice best describes the largest sediment? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Boulder
Cobble
Pebble
Granule
Silt
Based on diameter, what answer choice best describes the smallest sediment? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Cobble
Pebble
Granule
Silt
Clay
What answer choice best describes the sediment with the diameter of rock recorded at 64 to 256 mm? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Cobble
Pebble
Granule
Silt
Clay
According to the Krumbein Phi Scale, what answer choice best describes a sediment with the diameter of 4 to 64 mm? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Cobble
Pebble
Granule
Silt
Clay
What answer choice best describes a rock texture resulting from the aggregation of mineral grains of 2 to 4 mm in diameter? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Cobble
Pebble
Granule
Silt
Clay
What answer choice best describes a sediment derived from land and transported to the ocean by wind and flowing water? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Terrigenous Sediment
What answer choice best describes a sediment of biological origin? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Terrigenous Sediment
What answer choice best describes a sediment formed directly by precipitation (and is also called an authigenic sediment)? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Terrigenous Sediment
What answer choice best describes a sediment of extraterrestrial origin? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Terrigenous Sediment
What answer choice best describes a sediment that is distributed on the slope, rise, and deep ocean floor? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Intertidal Sediment
Neritic Sediment
Pelagic Sediment
Abyssal Sediment
In the distribution of average thickness of sediments, what answer choice best describes the location of the thickest distribution? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Continental Shelves
Continental Slopes
Continental Rises
Deep-Ocean Floor
In the distribution of average thickness of sediments, what answer choice best describes where the least average thickness distribution happens? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Continental Shelves
Continental Slopes
Continental Rises
Deep-Ocean Floor
TRUE or FALSE? The conversion of lava into sedimentary rock by pressure or by the introduction of a mineral cement is called Lithification. (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE? Terrigenous sediments deposited by a turbidity current are called Turbidites. (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes, 28% of ocean floor covered by clays and other terrigenous particles. (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes, the ocean floor accumulates 2mm of clay every thousand years. (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE? According to our notes, oozes are sediments of at least 25% of biological origin. (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
TRUE
FALSE
What answer choice best describes ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of silica-containing organisms? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Calcareous Ooze
Siliceous Ooze
Identify the Plankton: What answer choice best describes a group of amoeba-like animals with a calcareous shell? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Foraminifera
Pteropods
Coccolithophores
Radiolarian
Diatoms
Identify the Plankton: What answer choice best describes small planktonic mollusks with calcareous shells? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Foraminifera
Pteropods
Coccolithophores
Radiolarian
Diatoms
Identify the Plankton: What answer choice best describes very small planktonic alga carrying discs of calcium carbonate? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Foraminifera
Pteropods
Coccolithophores
Radiolarian
Diatoms
Identify the Plankton: What answer choice best describes Earth's most abundant and successful single-celled plankton possessing two interlocking valves made primarily of silica? (from Lecture & Notes: Intro to Sediments)
Foraminifera
Pteropods
Coccolithophores
Radiolarian
Diatoms
What answer choice represents a program initiated in 1968 designed to obtain cores from the deep sea? (from Chapter 4.1)
DSDP
ODP
IODP
JOIDES
What answer choice represents a program that was the replacement to an existing program in 1983 and focused on drilling the continent margins? (from Chapter 4.1)
DSDP
ODP
IODP
JOIDES
What answer choice represents a program that was the replacement to an existing program in 2003 that has riser technology, which allows for cores to be collected deep within the Earth? (from Chapter 4.1)
DSDP
ODP
IODP
JOIDES
What answer choice represents a a drill ship that replaced the Glomar Challenge in 1985 that featured rotary drilling? (from Chapter 4.1)
DSDP
ODP
IODP
JOIDES
Which part of the ocean is considered to be the most climatically sensitive regions on Earth? (from Chapter 4.1)
South Atlantic
North Atlantic
South Pacific
North Pacific
South Indian
By analyzing cores of sediment collected from the sea floor, scientists can infer past environmental conditions on all of the following except ________. (from Chapter 4.1)
surface temperature
nutrient supply
abundance of marine life
atmospheric winds
sealife populations
The new drill ship, Chikyu, can drill up to how many feet into the sea floor? (from Chapter 4.1)
20,000
21,000
22,000
23,000
24,000
Which type of marine sediments include siliceous and calcareous oozes? (from Chapter 4.1)
Lithogenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
Which type of marine sediments include space dust and meteors? (from Chapter 4.1)
Lithogenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
Volcanic ash is considered to be which type of marine sediment? (from Chapter 4.1)
Lithogenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous
Cosmogenous
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? (from Chapter 4.1)
Grain lithification
Paleooceanography
Porosity reduction
Sediment compaction
Suspension settling
Which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct? (from Chapter 4.1)
They are useful for determining the distribution of ancient dinosaurs.
They contain plant fossils used to map the movement of the continents.
They provide a discontinuous, disturbed record of Earth history.
They record the timing and severity of some global extinction events.
They represent Earth history dating back for billions of years.
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________. (from Chapter 4.2)
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
biogenous sediment
hydrogenous sediment
cosmogenous sediment
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? (from Chapter 4.2)
Clay-sized particles
Cosmogenous sediments
Large particles such as gravel
Manganese nodules
Silt-sized particles
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________. (from Chapter 4.2)
a glacier
a river delta
organisms
a volcanic eruption
the wind
Abyssal clay is sometimes referred to as ________. (from Chapter 4.2)
black clay
white clay
green clay
red clay
brown clay
Abyssal clay contains ________. (from Chapter 4.2)
magnetite
iron
hematite
calcite
According to the Wentworth scale, what is the particle name for a sediment that is 64 to 256 millimeters in size? (from Chapter 4.2)
Boulder
Cobble
Pebble
Sand
Silt
According to the Wentworth scale, what is the particle name for a sediment that is above 256 millimeters in size? (from Chapter 4.2)
Boulder
Cobble
Pebble
Sand
Silt
How many years ago was the last ice age? (from Chapter 4.2)
1,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Relic sediments cover about ________ of the world's continental shelves. (from Chapter 4.2)
40%
50%
60%
70%
8%
________ deposits are found on continental shelves and in shallow water near islands, whereas, ________ deposits are found in deep-ocean basins and are fine grained. (from Chapter 4.2)
Pelagic; neritic
Neritic; pelagic
Beach; continental shelf
Continental shelf; beach
Sediment texture describes the ________ characteristics of a deposit. (from Chapter 4.2)
biological
chemical
physical
One of the most abundance, chemically stable, and durable minerals in the Earth's crust is ________. (from Chapter 4.2)
feldspar
plagioclase
gypsum
quartz
fluorite
Approximately how much sediment is carried to the continental margins? (from Chapter 4.2)
20 trillion pounds
40 trillion pounds
60 trillion pounds
80 trillion pounds
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