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Social Studies
9th -
11thgrade
AP World History - Unit 3 Exam Multiple Choice
48 questions
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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?
The collapse of the Byzantine Empire
The development of khanates in Central Asia
The spread of Islam into East Asia
Increased trade between Africa and Asia
- 2. Multiple Choice
In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were
isolated from the major Eurasian trade routes
nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them
politically unified by the adoption of a monotheistic religion
able to dominate other societies with large horse-mounted armies
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?
The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not.
The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.
The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not.
The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia?
Military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots
Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero
Irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes
Textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jenny
- 5. Multiple Choice
“It is most evident that kings, queens, and other princes . . . are ordained of God, are to be obeyed and honored by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or rebellious against their princes, disobey God.”
An Homily Against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, Church of England, 1570
What could most reasonably be concluded from the sermon above?
The clergy generally appointed kings, queens, and princes.
Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule.
Rulers were most often chosen from members of the clergy.
The clergy believed in the separation of church and state.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies.
Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer.
Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.
The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following about Afro-Eurasian trade is supported by the map above?
The states of the Middle East did not participate in the Indian Ocean trading system.
The Ottoman Empire was located at the intersections of major trading routes.
The Delhi Sultanate relied primarily on sea routes to participate in the silk trade across Asia.
The Islamic states of West Africa maintained close commercial ties with eastern Europe.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
The development of large trading companies
The adoption of Buddhist beliefs
The military alliances with western European states
The use of cannons and gunpowder
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of the following languages came into existence after 1000 as the direct result of expanding global trade patterns?
Arabic
Chinese
Latin
Sanskrit
Swahili
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and the Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
In each, the majority of the people were Muslims.
Each had a powerful navy that engaged European navies.
Each had developed an efficient administrative structure.
Each enjoyed peaceful relations with its neighboring states.
Each gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.
- 11. Multiple Choice
CHINESE SCROLL PAINTING CIRCA 1280 COMMISSIONED BY KHUBILAI KHAN OF THE MONGOL YUAN DYNASTY OF CHINA
The painting shows Khubilai Khan and his hunting companions on horseback. To the left, a horse archer prepares his weapon.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the way Khubilai Khan chose to have himself portrayed in the painting?
The Yuan dynasty’s potential monopolization of the Eurasian trade routes would force other Asian rulers to recognize Khubilai Khan’s supremacy.
The demonstration of military skill in the painting would encourage the Abbasid caliphs to submit to Khubilai Khan’s rule.
The Yuan dynasty’s employment of a Chinese artist to create the painting would encourage the Japanese to accept Khubilai Khan’s rule.
The nomadic tradition depicted in the painting would bolster Khubilai Khan’s claim to be the legitimate successor to Genghis Khan.
- 12. Multiple Choice
The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following?
Emergence of capitalist economies
Expansion of coercive labor systems
Creation of a global trade network
Cultural syncretism
- 13. Multiple Choice
The changes depicted in Map 1 were mostly a result of which of the following?
The Ottoman alliance with France against rival Christian powers
The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire’s use of gunpowder weapons
The Ottoman Empire’s unrivaled naval superiority in the Mediterranean
The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are the states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the sixteenth century?
Italian city-states and the Ottoman Empire
The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire
Spain and Portugal
The Hapsburg Empire and France
The Crusader states
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following staple crops is most associated with the rise of Mesoamerican civilizations?
Manioc
Potatoes
Beans
Maize
Rice
- 16. Multiple Choice
The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?
The empire of Alexander the Great
The Mongol Empire
The Russian Empire
The Byzantine Empire
The Ottoman Empire
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?
Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean
Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean
Chinese in the Indian Ocean
Russians in the Pacific Ocean
- 18. Multiple Choice
Source 1
A Mughal painting depicting a Mughal official (the kneeling figure holding a piece of paper near the center of the image) and his companions meeting a group of Hindu holy men (sadhus), circa 1635 C.E.
Source 2
Ms E-14, from a Moraqqa (gouache on paper), Indian School, (17th century) / Institute of Oriental Studies, St. Petersburg, Russia / Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
Sayings attributed to Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, circa 1500 C.E.
• “Oh God, the tongue of man has given Thee numerous names; but ‘the Truth’ is Thy real name from time immemorial.”
• “We human beings are neither Hindus nor Muslims; but are bodies and soul of the Supreme Being; call Him Allah, or call Him Rama.”
• “Everyone is chanting: ‘Rama, Rama’; but mere repetition is no remembrance of Rama. Only when the heart of man becomes saturated with God is such remembrance fruitful.”
• “Worthless is caste and worthless an exalted name; for all humankind there is but a single refuge in God.”
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire’s territorial expansion in South Asia?
The Mughals’ adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons
The Mughals’ adoption of Sikhism
The Mughals’ friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet
The Mughal emperors’ claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?
To demonstrate their wealth and power
To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders
To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies
To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century?
The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite
Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East
The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices
Financial support for maritime expeditions similar to those led by Zheng He
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which of the following empires in the period 1450–1750 engaged in a type of territorial expansion most similar to that depicted in Map 1?
The Spanish Empire
The Portuguese Empire
The British Empire
The Mughal Empire
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.?
Both empires used military force to severely limit the sovereignty of their peripheral states to their core states.
Both empires welcomed the diffusion of cultural traditions from their peripheral territories.
Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states.
Both empires actively sought to assimilate the citizens of their peripheral states into their respective core cultures.
- 23. Multiple Choice
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions?
The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia.
The emergence of the Ottoman Empire significantly increased the percentage of major urban centers in Europe.
The adoption of Champa rice during the Song dynasty significantly increased the share of China’s urban population.
The outbreaks of bubonic plague greatly reduced urban populations across Eurasia.
- 24. Multiple Choice
Ivory tip for a king’s ceremonial scepter showing a female ancestor spirit, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800
Image 2
Female figure on a crucifix, Kongo, western Africa, circa 1800
Taken together, the two images best support which of the following conclusions?
New European technologies transformed African artistic traditions.
African societies that practiced Christianity generally gave women greater political and cultural prominence than did African societies that practiced traditional religions.
African societies combined a patriarchal power structure with cultural traditions that gave women a prominent place in social and cultural life.
Women’s roles in African societies were shaped by the interaction between Christianity and Islam as the two religions spread in the region.
- 25. Multiple Choice
The object in Image 1 best illustrates which of the following continuities in world history?
The power of traditional elites was continuously challenged by the emerging power of new elites.
The power of states was based on the ability of rulers to monopolize the use of violence.
Artists depended on royal patronage for their livelihoods.
Rulers used religious imagery to legitimize their political authority.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750 ?
The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns.
The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations.
Christianity was prohibited in both empires.
Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.
Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following accurately describes the Mongol Empire’s role in facilitating trans-Eurasian trade?
It imposed Mongol religious beliefs and practices on conquered peoples.
It reestablished the Silk Roads between East Asia and Europe.
It created a self-contained economic system by banning non-Mongol merchants from its territories.
It developed a sophisticated bureaucracy staffed by talented Mongols.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims.
Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies.
Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.
Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.
- 29. Multiple Choice
TYPICAL SAILING ROUTES AND SCHEDULES OF OMANI MERCHANTS TRAVELING TO EAST AFRICA AND CHINA FROM MUSCAT, CIRCA 1400 C.E.
Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following could be best inferred about the South and East Asian trading cities on the map?
They were under the direct political control of Oman.
They had a majority Arab population.
They had Muslim diasporic merchant communities.
They were primarily sources of slave labor for the Omanis.
- 30. Multiple Choice
Between 1450 and 1750, empires such as the Ottoman and Chinese shared which of the following?
Dependence on trade as the main basis for the economy
An elite fighting force made up primarily of slaves
The use of a large bureaucracy to support the government
Continual military campaigns against European armies
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was the major contributing factor to the spread of the plague to Cairo, Beijing, and Florence in the fourteenth century?
Indian Ocean trade routes connecting South Asia to China, Southeast Asia, and Europe
Trade along the Mongol road system across Central Asia
The collapse of the Abbasid caliphate
African trade routes connecting sub-Saharan Africa with Asia and Europe
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which of the following world history processes was most responsible for the eighteenth-century cityscape of St. Petersburg, Russia, shown above?
Disease diffusion
World climate changes
Westernization
Democratization
Isolation
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of the expeditions of Chinese Admiral Zheng He in the early 1400s?
He wished to find a new route to Europe in order to participate in European trade.
He sailed to ports on the Indian Ocean coastline, including those in East Africa.
He crossed the Indian Ocean but did not land on the African coast.
He explored unknown regions and seas, though his ships were tiny and supplies inadequate.
He avoided contact with overseas Chinese communities.
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?
Chinese merchants dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean.
There was very little commercial activity in the Indian Ocean.
Merchants from Europe dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean.
Following the rise of the Mongols during the thirteenth century, the volume of Indian Ocean commerce fell sharply.
Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.
- 35. Multiple Choice
“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself are called gods. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power.”
King James I, speech to Parliament, England, 1610
The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following?“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself are called gods. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power.”
King James I, speech to Parliament, England, 1610
The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following?
European monarchs’ continued use of religion to legitimize political authority
The influence of Islamic political thought on Europe after the Crusades
The establishment of theocracies throughout Eurasia
The differential treatment of Protestants and Catholics in England
- 36. Multiple Choice
Marco Polo described which of the following at Kublai Khan’s court that he had not encountered in Europe?
The use of spies in foreign nations
The interest of the Khan in the international sea trade and European shipbuilding techniques
The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathing
The attachment of the Khan to the use of horses for military purposes
The austerity of the design of the Khan’s palace
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century?
Armed resistance from Arab navies
Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade
The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons
Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security
Fear of the spread of the plague to China
- 38. Multiple Choice
“The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims.”
Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007
“Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church ... [T]he Templars, ... who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it.”
Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian,
Jerusalem, circa 1138
The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage
shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states
shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in the Crusader states
minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in the administration of the Crusader states
presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire’s successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ?
The Ottomans’ use of revenues from transoceanic trade to build a powerful army
The Ottomans’ use of nomadic tribes as cavalry troops
The Ottomans’ adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology
The Ottomans’ exploitation of Muslim desire to avenge the crusades
- 40. Multiple Choice
In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common?
They generally imposed their own languages on the local communities.
They generally became military outposts that facilitated the expansion of empires.
They generally lost touch with their homelands and merged with the local population.
They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.
- 41. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?
Developing professional militaries
Promoting free trade
Adopting the religious practices of minority groups
Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450—1750 ?
The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy
The creation of overseas colonial holdings
Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues
An extensive governmental bureaucracy
- 43. Multiple Choice
“To the count of Katzenellenbogen, Ziegenhain, and Nidda, my gracious lord.
Pope Leo X, in the bull in which he put me under the ban, condemned my statement that ‘to fight against the Turk is the same thing as resisting God, who visits our sin upon us with this rod.’ I still confess freely that this statement is mine. The popes and bishops called for war against the Turks in the name of Christ. Yet because Christ taught that Christians shall not resist evil with violence or take revenge, it is against His name.
In how many wars against the Turks have the bishops and clergy prevented Christians from enduring heavy losses? Indeed, the king of Hungary and his bishops were beaten by the Turks at Varna* and more recently a German army would perhaps have fought with more success, if it had not contained priests. If I were an emperor, a king, or a prince in a campaign against the Turks, I would encourage my bishops and priests to stay at home and mind the duties of their office, praying, fasting, saying mass, preaching, and caring for the poor, as not only Holy Scripture, but their own canon law teaches and requires. To this I say Amen, Amen.”
*a reference to a failed Christian Crusade launched against the Ottoman Turks in 1444
Martin Luther, German theologian, sermon addressed to a German prince, 1528
A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to
promote religious war against fellow Christians
encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence
demonstrate that an individual’s destiny was predetermined by God
reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings
- 44. Multiple Choice
A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 C.E. was the transfer of knowledge of
iron and copper mining techniques
the flying shuttle and spinning jenny
the science of optics and lens design
numerals and the decimal system
gunpowder and cannons
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?
Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe
Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south
The eradication of Islam from Central Asia
The fall of the kingdoms of Poland and Prussia
The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwide
- 46. Multiple Choice
“When we were in Canton, a port in southern China, we came across a woman who cried out in Portuguese ‘Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name.’ And because she could speak no more of our language, she very earnestly asked us in Chinese to tell her whether we were Christians. We replied that we were, and for proof we repeated all the rest of the Lord’s Prayer which she had left unsaid. Being assured that we were Christians, she pulled us aside, and weeping said to us, ‘Come along, Christians from the other end of the world, with your true sister in the faith of Jesus Christ.’
Furthermore, she told us that she was named Inez de Leyria, and her father was a great ambassador from Portugal to the Emperor of China. The ambassador married her mother, a Chinese woman, and made her a Christian. Along with her, many were converted to the faith of Christ.
During the five days we remained in her house, we made them a little book in Chinese, containing many good prayers.”
Account of Fernão Mendes Pinto, Portuguese explorer and merchant, circa
The activities of Inez de Leyria’s father as described in the passage best support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E.?
The intensification of commercial and diplomatic activity across Eurasia was accompanied by increased missionary activity.
The arrival of Nestorian Christians along the Silk Roads introduced European missionaries to China.
Russian expansion in Asia encouraged Christian missionary activity in China.
The intensification of regional patterns of trade in the Indian Ocean spurred Chinese merchants to convert to Christianity.
- 47. Multiple Choice
The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade?
Monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast.
Europeans were active in bringing goods from West Africa to the Indian Ocean.
Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.
The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk.
Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese.
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which of the following did the Mongol armies fail to conquer, and why?
Kievan Russia, because the Mongols were unable to endure the harsh Russian winters
The ‘Abbasid Caliphate, because the defenders flooded the Mesopotamian plains and made them impassable for the Mongol cavalry
Central Asia, because of the effective diplomacy of Timur and his successors
The Southern Song Empire, because of its superior resources from earlier industrial and commercial revolutions
Japan, because severe storms aided the experienced Japanese naval forces
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