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- 1. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
Fossil 1 and 3 are the same age.
Fossil 2 is older than fossil 3.
Fossil 4 is older than fossil 3.
Fossil 1 is the oldest.
- 2. Multiple Choice
What is the best evidence to support that two organisms are closely related?
a very similar DNA sequence
common vestigial structures
they look similar
they are part of the same ecosystem
- 3. Multiple Choice
Evolutionary biologists say that similarities between different species are evidence of which of the following?
One species evolved from the other.
The two species lived together at one time.
The two species share a common ancestor.
Similarities between species means nothing.
- 4. Multiple Choice
This picture is an example of structures that have similar anatomical features, yet are used for different purposes. What are these structures called?
homologous structures
comparative structures
analogous structures
vestigial structures
- 5. Multiple Choice
Scientists who look at bones, homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial structures to determine common ancestry are engaged in what field of study?
comparative anatomy
biochemistry
fossils
comparative embryology
- 6. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows embryos of different vertebrates at different stages of development. Similarities in development is evidence for evolution. What do scientists call this particular field of study?
comparative biochemistry
paleontology
comparative biogeography
comparative embryology
- 7. Multiple Choice
True or False. Similarities in amino acid sequences are evidence that two diverse species evolved from a common ancestor.
True
False
- 8. Multiple Choice
A bird's wing and a butterfly's wing are structurally different, but they are used for the same purpose: flying. What do you call structures that are anatomically different, but have the same function?
homologous structures
analogous structures
vestigial structures
primordial structures
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which is NOT evidence for evolution?
Many animals have homologous structures due to common ancestry
Many animals have vestigial structures from an ancestor
We can observe changes in life forms by observing the fossil record
All of these are evidence for evolution
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would be an example of what evolutionary biologists call a vestigial structure?
The human appendix.
The forelimb bones of a porpoise and a horse.
The wings of a bat and the wings of a bird.
The dorsal fin of a shark.
- 11. Multiple ChoiceHow do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of yearsFossils show that some species have gone extinctFossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the pastDifferent sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which evidence of common ancestry is being studied from this map?
geographic distribution (biogeography)
fossil record
anatomical homology
biochemical homology
- 13. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.
Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagramThe organisms share a common ancestry.The organisms belong to the same genus.The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults. - 14. Multiple Choice
The DNA of a new unknown bacterial species is compared to the DNA of four known species of bacteria. According to the data, which bacterial species is the unknown sample most closely related to?
Species I
Species II
Species III
Species IV
- 15. Multiple Choice
What conclusion can you draw from the fact that many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones?
The ancestors of whales may have been land mammals.
Whales could walk if they wanted to.
Whales are preparing to evolve into land animals.
Someday whales will be able to walk and will have legs.
- 16. Multiple Choice
True or False. The fossil record shows that some species are evolutionary transitions between major groups of organisms.
True
False
- 17. Multiple Choice
In 2010, scientists excavated a skull fossil that provides evidence of a newly discovered species of big cat. Based on the evidence, scientists hypothesize that big cats branched out from smaller wild cats about 6 million years ago. Which of the following resources did the scientists likely rely on to form their hypothesis?
A food web showing feeding relationships of organisms where the fossil skull was found
Population and migration data for small wild cats living in the ecosystem where the skull was found
The fossil record and DNA comparisons of big cats and small cats
The historical record of interactions between different species of big cats
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is supported by the DNA sequences in the table?
The American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related.
The giant panda and the red panda are most closely related.
The red panda and the raccoon are the most closely related.
The giant panda and the raccoon are most closely related.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Flying squirrels and sugar gliders are very similar species, but the the sugar glider lives in Australia and the flying squirrel lives in North America. What is the explanation for their similarities?
They share a common ancestor that was separated by the movement of tectonic plates
The ancestors of the sugar glider took a boat from California to Australia
They are not related at all, it is a coincidence that they are similar to each other
American tourists liked sugar gliders, so they brought some to North America, where they turned into flying squirrels
- 20. Multiple Choice
The Table below shows the number of differences in amino acids in a protein called Cytochrome c when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.
chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla
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