62 questions
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What is genetic diversity?
Diversity within a species
# of species and abundance in the community
How many different habitats are in a region
What is habitat diversity?
Diversity within a species
# of species and abundance in the community
How many different habitats are in a region
What is species diversity?
Diversity within a species
# of species and abundance in the community
How many different habitats are in a region
Describe what happens during the bottleneck effect.
A population size is increased because of an environmental event. This increases the genetic variation and can increase biodiversity.
A population size is reduced because of an environmental event. This reduces the genetic variation and can lead to a loss of biodiversity.
A population size is reduced because of an environmental event. This increases the genetic variation and can lead to greater biodiversity.
The number is species in an ecosystem
Species evenness
Species diversity
Species richness
Ecosystem services that give humans products and what they need to survive, like food and lumber are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that provide humans beauty art and enjoyment are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that indirectly benefit humans , such as plants cleaning air and bees pollinating plants are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that that support human life and life on Earth such as producing oxygen and water cycling are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
The Theory of Island Biogeography states that
There are more species on islands that are smaller and farther from the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are smaller is
and closer to the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are larger and closer to the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are larger and farther from the mainland.
Organisms, like koalas, that require specific habitats and food are called
specialist
generalist
Organisms, like cockroaches, that can live in many places and eat many things are called
specialist
generalist
The total range of conditions conditions (abiotic factors) that an organism can lived in is called _____________.
Succession
Environmental disturbance
Ecological tolerance
limiting factors
What are adaptations?
Natural or anthropogenic factors that influence an ecosystem.
The biologic and behavioral ways organisms adapt over time to survive.
The change in habitats or communities over time.
This is a slower process that shows how communities and habitats change over time. It starts with bare rock (no soil), such as after a volcanic eruption. Moss or lichens usually inhabit first, breaking down the rock to make soil. Afterward larger and larger plants move in and over time it will become a climax community.
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Keystone species
This is a faster process that shows how communities and habitats change over time. It starts after a fire or flood that destroys the habitat but soil remains. Over time it becomes a climax community as new plants move in.
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Keystone species
Species that many other species depend on are called
Climax Community
Pioneer Species
Indicator species
Keystone species
First members in an area after a fire, etc.
Climax Community
Pioneer Species
Indicator species
Keystone species
Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded. (think of the canary in the coal mine)
Climax Community
Pioneer Species
Indicator species
Keystone species
The greater species richness, the ________ ecosystem resilience.
less
more
the same
Which type of species is more affected by habitat loss?
specialists
generalists
On islands with abundant resources, why are there more specialists than generalists?
Specialists are able to eat many types of foods and live in many habitats.
The specialists are able to outcompete any other species in their niche.
Generalists eat one type of food.
With so few resources, the specialists are able to eat a wide variety of resources.
Which of the following are conditions for which an organism will have a range of tolerance?
temperature
pH
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Salinity
All of the above
The diagram to the right is an illustration of
Theory of island Biogeography
Bottleneck Effect
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Ecological Succession
Ecological Tolerance
The diagram to the right is an illustration of
Theory of island Biogeography
Bottleneck Effect
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Ecological Succession
Ecological Tolerance
The diagram to the right is an illustration of
Theory of island Biogeography
Bottleneck Effect
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Ecological Succession
Ecological Tolerance
The diagram to the right is an illustration of
Theory of island Biogeography
Bottleneck Effect
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
Ecological Succession
Ecological Tolerance
The greater the genetic diversity, the _______ the optimum range of ecological tolerance is
narrower
wider
same
Which of the following are examples of natural ecosystem disruptions
wildfires
floods
severe storms like hurricanes
earthquakes
All of the above
Tectonic plate movement, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
Wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and flooding-- cause wildlife to migrate and perhaps colonize new habitats, creates a change in the gene pool of populations, may result in speciation
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
New species and extinctions
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
Ice Ages followed by warming temperatures
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
Locations of continents have shifted, species physically move, or adapt, or form new species through natural selection
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
Tectonic plate movement, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions
Geologic Processes Affecting Natural Selection
Tectonic Plates Effect on Evolution and Location of Life
Climate Change Effect on Natural Selection
Catastrophes- collision between earth and large asteroids, effect on natural selection
Occur Periodic, Episodic, and Random and Effect
The ability of a species to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances (generalists are more tolerant compare to specialists)
Ecological Tolerance
Range of Tolerance
natural disturbances/disruptions
anthropogenic disturbances/disruptions
Human-caused disturbances to ecosystems. Often negatively impacts biodiversity. Timber harvesting, pollution, overgrazing, introducing invasive species, and development.
Ecological Tolerance
Range of Tolerance
natural disturbances/disruptions
anthropogenic disturbances/disruptions
All natural events that destroy or damage an ecosystem; fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, floods
Ecological Tolerance
Range of Tolerance
natural disturbances/disruptions
anthropogenic disturbances/disruptions
Range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for populations of a particular species to stay alive and grow, develop, and function normally
Ecological Tolerance
Range of Tolerance
natural disturbances/disruptions
anthropogenic disturbances/disruptions
Describes an event that occurs or repeats at regular intervals (seasons, night & day)
Periodic
Episodic
Random
Describes an event that happening in parts or segments or that kicks off a flow of related events (earthquakes, eutrophication, overhunting by humans)
Periodic
Episodic
Random
Something that occurs randomly (hurricanes, lightening strikes, etc.)
Periodic
Episodic
Random
Movement of organisms from one habitat to another. Sometimes permanent (when their habitat is destroyed or disturbed) or temporary (for mating, feeding, or seasonal reasons)
Migration
sea level
Geologic Timescale
Movement of organisms from one habitat to another. Sometimes permanent (when their habitat is destroyed or disturbed) or temporary (for mating, feeding, or seasonal reasons)
Migration
sea level
Geologic Timescale
The average level of the ocean's surface at any given time. Has changed significantly over time based on amount of glacial ice and polar ice.
Migration
sea level
Geologic Timescale
Scale used by paleontologists to represent evolutionary time
Migration
sea level
Geologic Timescale
Measure of how much a disturbance can affect the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem. ecosystems with high resistance are not as vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Resistance
Resilience
The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance. the more resilient, the faster an ecosystem returns to its normal state after a disturbance
Resistance
Resilience
A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Adaption
Genetic Diversity
Genotype
Phenotype
A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population (higher gen. diversity leads to greater rate of evolution)
Adaption
Genetic Diversity
Genotype
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Adaption
Genetic Diversity
Genotype
Phenotype
An organism's genetic makeup
Adaption
Genetic Diversity
Genotype
Phenotype
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. Leads to evolution of new traits (microevolution) and new species (macroevolution)
natural selection
Evolution
Speciation
Species
Changes in a species over time driven by natural selection. Can lead to new traits or entirely new species. INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE. SPECIES EVOLVE.
natural selection
Evolution
Speciation
Species
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
natural selection
Evolution
Speciation
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. Different species cannot breed with each other.
natural selection
Evolution
Speciation
Species
Differences in behavior or morphology that prevent organisms from breeding with each other (diff. mating calls in birds or diff. structures in flowers in plants)
natural selection reproductive isolation (sympatric speciation)
Geographic isolation (allopatric speciation)
Two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water. this prevents them from breeding with each other and leads them to evolve into different species
natural selection reproductive isolation (sympatric speciation)
Geographic isolation (allopatric speciation)
This is the stable, last stage of succession after a disruptions.
Climax Community
Pioneer Species
Indicator species
Keystone species
Type of ecological succession that starts with soil.
Primary Succession
Secondary succession
Type of ecological succession that starts with bare rock.
Primary Succession
Secondary succession