22 questions
Which is one piece of information that astronomers use to calculate the age of the universe?
dark energy
the age of rocks on Earth
the current motion of inner planets
patterns of background radiation
Which is one of Edwin Hubble’s findings that supports the big bang theory?
The universe started at a central point.
Planetesimals formed in debris disks.
Visible matter only makes up about 5% of the universe.
The Milky Way is the only galaxy in the universe.
Which statement accurately describes the Doppler effect?
It was used by Hubble to measure velocities of galaxies.
It indicates galaxy motion through changes in sound waves.
It indicates a galaxy moving toward Earth through red shift.
It indicates a galaxy moving away from Earth through blue shift
Which evidence supports the big bang theory?
Planetesimals form in debris disks.
Most galaxies are moving toward us.
Uniform background radiation is detected in every direction
Galaxies spin faster than they should based on visible matter.
About how long ago did our solar system start to form?
About 5 million years ago
About 14 million years ago
About 5 billion years ago
About 14 billion years ago
Which event led to the formation of our solar system?
A galaxy broke apart.
A massive star exploded.
A solar nebula collapsed.
Dark matter materialized.
In which order did the events forming our solar system occur?
The solar nebula became hot and dense pulling in more gas. This flattened into a rotating disk. It spun faster and faster, forming the Sun.
Gas was pulled toward the center, forming the Sun. Gas flattened into a rotating disk and became hot and dense, forming a solar nebula that spun faster and faster.
Gas flattened into a rotating disk and became hot and dense, forming a solar nebula that spun faster and faster. Gas was pulled toward the center, forming the Sun
The solar nebula spun faster and faster and flattened into a rotating disk. Most of the gas was pulled toward the center, where it became hot and dense, forming the Sun.
Which statement accurately describes planetesimals?
They are the origins of planets.
They formed from ice and rocks.
They were created during the big bang.
They contain 98% of matter in the solar system.
Which planet formed near the Sun where the solar system’s temperatures were very high?
Mars
Jupiter
Neptune
Saturn
Which statement accurately describes the inner planets?
Uranus is one of the inner planets.
The inner planets formed when the solar system cooled.
The inner planets are also called terrestrial planets
The inner planets are larger than the outer planets.
Which statement accurately describes the outer planets?
Pluto is one of the outer planets.
The outer planets are also called rocky planets.
The outer planets have thin atmospheres.
The outer planets have a high gravity due to their large size.
Which two objects in space formed from the huge disk of ice and debris beyond the outer planets?
Pluto and comets
comets and Neptune
Neptune and a solar nebula
a solar nebula and planetesimals
Which is currently the most supported theory about the future of the universe?
The universe could remain exactly as it is today.
The universe may continue to expand.
Stars could burn out, causing the universe to become dark and cold.
Gravity could pull galaxies back together, causing a reverse of the big bang.
In 1998, scientists discovered that the expansion of the universe has been accelerating.
What force is causing this phenomena?
dark energy
Hubble’s law
the Doppler effect
background radiation
Which correctly lists the two elements that make up the empty space in the universe?
ice and debris
debris and dark matter
dark matter and dark energy
dark energy and dust
Which statement accurately describes dark matter?
It is the same as dark energy.
It is well understood by scientists.
It does not emit electromagnetic radiation.
It can be observed by shifts in red and blue light.
Which discovery by astronomer Vera Rubin helped prove the existence of dark matter?
Galaxies exist outside of the Milky Way.
The expansion of the universe is accelerating.
Galaxies spin faster than they should, based on their visible matter.
Gas giants form farther from the Sun, where temperatures are cooler
There is a theory that gravity could pull galaxies back together, causing a reverse big bang.
Which observation makes this theory less likely than the idea that the universe may continue to expand?
Background radiation is present.
Galaxies exist outside of the Milky Way.
The expansion of the universe is accelerating.
Gas giants form farther from the Sun, where temperatures are cooler.
What would most likely cause the future acceleration of the expansion of the universe?
radiation from the Sun
the existence of background radiation
the continued existence of dark energy
light shifts identified by the Doppler effect
What is the correct order of processes in the accretion of planetesimals?
Masses of matter form around dust grain, masses of matter collide, and atoms and molecules are added to dust grain.
Masses of matter collide, masses of matter form around dust grain, and atoms and molecules are added to dust grain.
Atoms and molecules are added to dust grain, masses of matter form around dust grain, and masses of matter collide.
Masses of matter collide, atoms and molecules are added to dust grain, and masses of matter form around dust grain.
What happens in the process of gravitational condensation?
An object decreases in size due to the collision of materials.
An object increases in size due to the addition of materials
Gas particles are formed from solar nebula materials.
Solid particles are formed from solar nebula materials.
Which evidence supports the big bang theory?
Planetesimals form in debris disks.
Uniform background radiation is detected in every direction