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- 1. Multiple Choice
Isabelle an ice cube in her hand. After a few minutes, the ice is completely melted. How did energy transfer from her hand to the ice cube.
radiation
conduction
convection
induction
- 2. Multiple Choice
A hot rock is dropped into a pail of cool water. Heat energy transferred from the rock to the water by
boiling
evaporation
conduction
radiation
- 3. Multiple Choice
A construction worker hit a solid steel wall with a sledgehammer, but the wall did not move. Part of the energy exerted by the worker
was destroyed by the steel wall
was converted to heat
disappeared into the atmosphere
was stopped by the hard surface
- 4. Multiple Choice
A crayon placed on a dark driveway in bright sunlight melted into a colorful puddle. what caused the crayon to melt?
Solar radiation heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by conduction.
Solar radiation heated the driveway and then heated transferred to the crayon by radiation.
Solar convection heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by radiation.
Solar convection heated the driveway and then heat transferred to the crayon by conduction.
- 5. Multiple Choice
A dark-colored wall becomes warm when the sun shines on it. After sunset, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?
radiation
conduction
convection
insulation
- 6. Multiple Choice
Peter cooks a pastry in a pop-up toaster. Which statement BEST explains how the toaster cooks the pastry?
When the toaster pops up, it transfers mechanical energy to the pastry.
When the toaster becomes warm, it transfer heat energy to the pastry.
When the toaster becomes bright, it transfers light energy to the pastry.
When the toaster is plugged in, it transfer chemical energy to the pastry.
- 7. Multiple Choice
The pendulum shown moves from point 1 to point 5. Which statement BEST describes the change in energy during motion of the pendulum?
The kinetic energy at point 3 increases as it moves to point 4
The potential energy at point 2 increases as it moves to point 4.
The kinetic energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
The potential energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
- 8. Multiple Choice
A student is organizing a room. She moves a box from the floor to a shelf. She wants to estimate the amount of potential energy the box has on the shelf. What information does the student need?
the volume and mass of the box
the mass of the shelf and the mass of the box
the mass of the box and the height of the shelf
the volume of the box and the height of the shelf
- 9. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a convection current. Which set of labels correctly completes this diagram?
1: Oil is less dense and floats on water.
2: Water is more dense and sinks in oil.
1: Liquid water evaporates.
2: Condensed water precipitates.
1: Animals take oxygen for respiration.
2: Plants take one carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
1: Warm air molecules move faster and rise.
2: Cool air molecules move slower and sink.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Engineers studying the effects of collisions on automobile frames observed that a collision between a car and a steel post caused a small amount of damage when the car was moving at 2.0 m/s but significant damage when the car was moving 10.0 m/s. What change in the collision explains the difference in damage to the car?
The car that was moving faster had more kinetic energy
There was more friction between the car and the post at the higher speed
The collision took more time when the car was moving slower so there was less damage.
The amount of energy that the post could absorb decreased when the car was moving faster.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Mary used a thermometer to test the air temperature at four points near a lit bulb. She recorded her data in the table. Which BEST explains why the air closest to the bulb was warmest?
The bulb was insulated
The bulb gave off light
The bulb radiated heat
The bulb conducted electricity
- 12. Multiple Choice
A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?
Kinetic energy converted to potential energy
Chemical energy converted to kinetic energy
Chemical energy converted to thermal energy
Thermal energy converted to potential energy.
- 13. Multiple Choice
A wood burning stove is used to heat the air in a small cabin. What type of heat transfer are involved?
Conduction and convection
Radiant and conduction
Radiant and convection
Radiant, convection, and conduction
- 14. Multiple Choice
Isabella filled a glass with warm water. She measured the temperature, and it was 30*C. She left the glass, and it was 24*C. Which BEST explains why the water temperature changed?
Energy in the air removed heat from the water.
Heat energy in the water was destroyed by the glass.
Heat energy in the water was transferred to the cooler air.
Energy used by evaporation caused the water temperature to decrease.
- 15. Multiple Choice
A camper decides to make hot chocolate by heating the water in a metal pot over the campfire. Which letter represents thermal energy transfer by way of convection?
A
B
C
D
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following spoon handles would get hot the quickest?
A metal spoon
A plastic spoon
A rubber spoon
A wooden spoon
- 17. Multiple Choice
What kind of energy change occurs when a battery is operating a remote control toy?
Heat energy is changed to light energy
Light energy is changed to heat energy
Potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is changed to chemical energy.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Although the heat source is at the bottom of the beaker, all of the water is the same temperature. What keeps the water at the top of the beaker the same temperature as that of the bottom?
Heat from the burner radiates through the liquid and causes even heating.
Evaporation heats the water at the top and the flame heats the water at the bottom.
The walls of the beaker reflect heat toward the center, so the water heats evenly.
Heated water molecules and steam rise in the beaker, carrying heat by convection.
- 19. Multiple Choice
A group of students built a ramp and rolled steel balls of different sizes down the ramp onto the floor. Then they measured how far each ball rolled from the bottom of the ramp. Which statement correctly explains the difference in the distance that the balls rolled?
Friction increased as mass increased.
Velocity increased as mass increased.
Acceleration increased as mass increased.
Kinetic energy increased as mass increased.
- 20. Multiple Choice
The area in front of a fire feels warm on a cold evening. What are the processes that cause the person in front of the fire to feel warm?
Conduction and convection
Radiation and conduction
Radiation and convection
Radiation, convection, and conduction
- 21. Multiple Choice
A student uses a computer to draw a graph of some data collected during an investigation. What forms of energy are released by the screen when the graph is displayed?
Heat and light
Electrical and heat
Light and mechanical
Mechanical and electrical
- 22. Multiple Choice
During an investigation on energy. Seth rolls marbles of four different masses down a ramp. Which size marble will have the greatest kinetic energy when it reaches the bottom of the ramp?
2 grams
3 grams
5 grams
6 grams
- 23. Multiple Choice
Engineers are building a dam in a river valley. Once the dam is built, a reservoir will develop. Which energy transformation are engineers MOST likely attempting to achieve?
To convert electrical energy into potential energy
To convert potential energy into electrical energy
To convert electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy
To convert kinetic energy into gravitational energy
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which type of heat transfer would take place in water and air?
Electrical
Convection
Mechanical
Conduction
- 25. Multiple Choice
Joelle noticed that when she uses the brakes on her bicycle while she is traveling at a slow speed, she stops moving immediately. When she is riding much faster, it takes more time for the bike to come to a stop after she applies the brakes. Which is the BEST explanation for this observation?
The brakes are designed to be used at low speeds
Joelle and her bike have more kinetic energy at higher speeds
There is more friction between the bike and the ground when the bike is moving slower.
Moving at higher speeds increases the mass of the bike so it requires more energy to stop its motion.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about thermal energy is true?
As you hold a glass of cold milk, the cold travels to your hand
As you hold a cup of cold milk, your hand cools the milk
As you hold a cup of hot water, the heat moves to your hand
As you hold a cup of hot water your hands cool the water
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?
Cold flows from the ice to the tea
Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea
Heat flows from the tea to the ice
Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea
- 28. Multiple Choice
When a battery operated train is turned on, it moves along the track. Which BEST identifies the order of the types of energy used to make the train move?
Mechanical, chemical, electrical
Electrical, chemical, mechanical
Electrical, mechanical, chemical
Chemical, electrical, mechanical
- 29. Multiple Choice
Jorge calculated the gravitational potential energy of the objects shown in the illustration. Which statement is supported by the calculated data on the table?
As the weight of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy decreases
As the height of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy also increases
The gravitational energy of an object is inversely proportional to its height above the ground
The gravitational potential energy of an object is not dependent on its mass.?
- 30. Multiple Choice
If the height of a stationary object increases, potential energy
Stays the same
Decreases
Increases
- 31. Multiple Choice
Emily made a cup of tea and stirred it with a spoon. The spoon became warm. How was the heat from the tea transferred to the spoon?
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Evaporation
- 32. Multiple Choice
Suppose you walk into a cold room. There are several metal chairs and wooden chairs that have been in the room for a long time. Why does a metal chair feel colder than a wooden chair?
The metal chair conducts heat form your body better than the wooden chair
The metal chair conducts cold into your body better than the wooden chair
The wooden chair radiantly heat from the chair to your body
The metal chair radiates heat from your body to the chair
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which BEST describes the energy transformation that takes place when a log is burned in a fireplace?
The total amount of energy in the log and in the air near the log increases
A slight reduction in the mass of the log and the mass of the air near the log releases energy
Energy in the log remains the same, while that of the flame increases
Energy in the log is transformed into heat and light
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which energy conversion happens when a person shivers and the energy is transferred to make the muscle and joints move?
Kinetic energy to potential energy
Heat energy to kinetic energy
Potential energy to chemical energy
Chemical energy to mechanical energy
- 35. Multiple Choice
When a swimmer emerges from a pool on a sunny day the water on her skin evaporates. Which BEST describes an energy transfer that causes the water to evaporate?
Heat energy from her skin is transferred to the water droplets
Heat energy from the water droplets is transferred to her skin
The hydrogen bonds between the water molecules separate and transfer energy to the air
The polar covalent bonds within the water molecules separate and transfer energy to her skin
- 36. Multiple Choice
While descending on a steep mountain road, a driver brakes frequently to control the speed of the car. Which statement describes how the car’s energy at rest at the top of the mountain has transformed by the time it reaches the bottom?
It has transformed into kinetic energy only
It has transformed into potential energy only
It has transformed into kinetic energy and heat
It has transformed into potential energy and heat
- 37. Multiple Choice
The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets run its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?
Mechanical energy to sound energy
Mechanical energy to chemical energy
Thermal energy to chemical energy
Sound energy to thermal energy
- 38. Multiple Choice
During summer camp, Kate learns the names of the stars that make up the Summer Triangle: Deneb, Altair, and Vega. Over the campfire, Kate discusses how the energy from the surfaces of these hot stars traveled light-years through the vacuum of space to make it to her and her fellow campers’ eyes. Based on this discussion, Kate knows that this starlight is an example of what form of thermal energy transfer?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Induction
- 39. Multiple Choice
An electric motor turns the blades of a fan. The input energy of the motor and fan is electrical energy. The output energy is the mechanical energy of the turning blades. The energy output is less than the energy input.
electrical energy >mechanical energy
Which BEST explains what happened to the rest of the energy?
It was destroyed
Most of it was lost as heat
It was converted into a charge
Most of it was stored as mass in the motor
- 40. Multiple Choice
A 0.1-kg block of aluminum was heated to a temperature of 80*C. It was then placed into a 0.5 kg of water with an initial temperature of 20*C. Which statement BEST describes the initial interaction between the aluminum block and the water?
Heat transfers from the aluminum block to the water as the temperature of the water decreases
Heat transfers from the aluminum block to the water as the temperature of the water increases
Heat transfers from the water to the aluminum block as the temperature of the water decreases
Heat transfers from the water to the aluminum block as the temperature of the water increases
- 41. Multiple Choice
A bicyclist at the top of a hill begins to coast without pedaling. The bicycle speeds up as it descends to the bottom of the hill and then slows down as it continues up a second hill, where it stops. Which of these sequences BEST describes the energy change of the bicycle from the top of the hill until it stops?
Potential-kinetic-kinetic
Kinetic-potential-potential
Kinetic-potential-kinetic
Potential-kinetic-potential
- 42. Multiple Choice
David switches on a fan on a hot day. Which statement BEST describes how energy changes to make the fan spin?
Electrical energy changes to mechanical energy
Heat energy changes to mechanical energy
Electrical energy changes to heat energy
Wind energy changes to electrical energy
- 43. Multiple Choice
Jose is investigating the relationship between energy and the motion of an object. Jose releases a ball onto a U-shaped ramp and observes the motion of the ball as it rolls back and forth between sides 1 and 2. Which explains the total energy of the ball on the ramp?
The ball loses potential energy and absorbs thermal energy when rolling upward
The ball gains potential energy and absorbs thermal energy when rolling downward
The ball loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy when rolling upward
The ball loses kinetic energy and loses potential energy when rolling downward
- 44. Multiple Choice
Joelle noticed that when she uses the brakes on her bicycle while she is traveling at a slow speed, she stops immediately. When she is riding much faster, it takes more time for the bike to come to a stop after she applies the brakes. Which is the BEST explanation for this observation?
Moving at higher speeds increases the mass of the bike so it requires more energy to stop its motion
Joelle and her bike have more kinetic energy at higher speeds
There is more friction between the bike and the ground when the bike is moving slower
The brakes are designed to be used at low speeds
- 45. Multiple Choice
A book held 1 meter above the floor has potential energy. The book is dropped and hits the floor. To what types of energy has the potential energy of the book been converted?
Kinetic, sound, and heat
Kinetic, chemical and sound
Chemical, mechanical and heat
Sound, chemical and mechanical
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