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- 1. Multiple Choice
What is the best explanation for why digital data is represented in computers in binary?
The binary number system is the only system flexible enough to allow for representing data other than numbers.
It's easier, cheaper, and more reliable to build machines and devices that only have to distinguish between binary states.
It typically takes fewer digits to represent a number in binary when compared to other number systems (for example, the decimal number system)
It's impossible to build a computing machine that uses anything but binary to represent numbers
- 2. Multiple Choice
What is the 4-bit binary number for the decimal number Ten (10)?
0010
1010
0110
0101
- 3. Multiple Choice
Number systems with different bases such as binary (base-2) and decimal (base-10) are all used to view and represent digital data.
Which of the following is NOT true about representing digital data?
At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, all digital data can be represented in binary using only combinations of the digits zero and one.
The same value (number) can have a different representation depending on the number system used to represent it.
Groups of bits can be used to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers and characters.
Some large numbers cannot be represented in binary and can only be represented in decimal.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Consider the following three binary numbers:
01010 010000 1110
Which of the following lists the numbers in order from least to greatest?
010000, 1110, 01010
01010, 1110, 010000
01010, 010000, 1110
1110, 01010, 010000
- 5. Multiple Choice
A middle school is expanding to open a high school next year, doubling the total number of students. The school keeps a database in which each student's unique ID number is stored as an 8 bit number called studentID. Before the arrival of the new students almost every 8 bit number has already been assigned to a student. Of the options provided below, which is the smallest change to the way studentID is represented necessary to ensure each incoming student receives a unique ID?
Add a bit to studentID to double the number of IDs that the database can represent.
Double the number of bits in studentID to double the number of IDs that the database can represent
Keep using an 8-bit number for studentID but reserve the first bit to indicate middle school or high school.
Remove a bit from studentID to make room for incoming students
- 6. Multiple Choice
8 bits is enough to represent 256 different numbers. How many total bits do you need to represent 512 (twice as many) numbers?
9 Bits
10 Bits
16 Bits
17 Bits
- 7. Multiple Choice
ASCII is a character-encoding scheme that uses a numeric value to represent each character. For example, the uppercase letter "G" is represented by the decimal (base 10) value 71. A partial list of characters and their corresponding ASCII values are shown in the table below.
ASCII characters can also be represented by binary numbers. According to ASCII character encoding, which of the following letters is represented by the 8-bit binary value: 0100 0010
ASCII Character: A
ASCII Character: B
ASCII Character: D
The table does not contain the value represented by the binary number 0100 0010
- 8. Multiple Choice
Two students have developed a protocol in which they send 4-bit messages to each other. They decide to modify their protocol to start sending 8-bit messages instead. How many more values can be represented in an 8-bit message than a 4-bit message?
21 = 2 times as many values
22= 4 times as many values
23 = 8 times as many values
24 = 16 times as many values
- 9. Multiple Choice
The colors of the pixels in a digital image are often represented by red, green, and blue values between 0 and 255 (an RGB triplet). A photographer is manipulating a digital image to lighten it because all of the RGB values in the image are less than 100, making it very dark. He does this by adding 20 to the R, G, and B values of each pixel, then overwriting the original image. What type of transformation is the photographer using on the digital image?
Lossless transformation
Lossy transformation
Multiband transformation
Chrome Sampling transformation
- 10. Multiple Choice
Select the answer that lists the units of bytes in ascending order (from smallest to largest)
gigabyte, megabyte, terabyte
megabyte, terabyte, kilobyte
gigabyte, terabyte, megabyte
kilobyte, gigabyte, terabyte
- 11. Multiple Choice
A compression scheme for long strings of bits called run-length encoding is described as follows:
Rather than record each 0 and 1 individually, instead record "runs" of bits by storing the number of consecutive 1s and 0s that appear.
Since it's binary, any run of 0s must be followed by a run of 1s (even if the run is only 1-bit long) and vice versa. Thus, you can store a list of small numbers that represents the alternating runs of 0s and 1s. The image above is an example:
To uncompress the data back into its original binary state, you simply reverse the process. This technique is an example of what type of compression?
Lossy compression
Lossless compression
Fast Fourier Transform compression
Tailored compression
- 12. Multiple Choice
A raw digital sound file samples a sound wave at some interval and measures the height of the wave at each point. Thus, raw sound is recorded as a list of numbers.
In very broad terms the MP3 audio compression algorithm identifies frequencies and volume levels - low and high - that are outside the range of human hearing and removes the data representing these frequencies from the original. This technique results in a smaller audio file that sounds exactly the same to the human ear.
This technique is an example of what type of compression?
Lossy compression
Lossless compression
Fast Fourier Transform compression
Tailored compression
- 13. Multiple Choice
The image below shows an encoding for a black and white pixel image. The first two bytes of the data (circled in red) are used to encode the width and height of the image.
What is the best term for this type of "data about the data"?
Megadata
Superdata
Metadata
Predata
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