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- 1. Fill in the Blank
Organic molecules contain
- 2. Multiple Choice
All organic molecules contain carbon with exceptions to...
H2O
CO2
COOH
CO
- 3. Multiple Choice
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
- 4. Multiple Choice
What are Polymers?
a simple sugar
a chain of monomers
Many organic compounds
none
- 5. Multiple Choice
Define Dehydration Synthesis in relations to Carbohydrates
None
Water is lost and polymers are broken down into monomer
Water is lost and polymers are built out of many monomers
water is added and polymers are broken down into monomers
- 6. Multiple Choice
Carbohydrates include...
sugar and starches
fats
RNA and DNA
ATP
- 7. Multiple Choice
The 3 classes of Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides- polymers of monosaccharides
Disaccharides- double sugar
Trisaccharides- 3 sugars
Monosaccharides- single sugar
- 8. Multiple Choice
Define Monosaccharides
All answers are correct
simple sugars containing 3-7 carbon atoms
formed by dehydration synthesis
too large to pass through call membrane
- 9. Multiple Choice
Important monosaccharides
Pentose Sugars
glucose
Hexose Sugars
Septose Sugars
- 10. Multiple Choice
What are Pentose Sugars
baking sugar
polymers
glucose
Ribose and deoxyribose
- 11. Multiple Choice
What are Hexose Sugars?
Glucose (blood sugar)
baking sugar
Ribose and deoxyribose
none
- 12. Multiple Choice
Disaccharides
formed by dehydration synthesis and many monosaccharides
too large to pass through the membrane
formed by dehydration synthesis of 2 monosaccharides
sucrose, maltose, and lactose
- 13. Multiple Choice
Polysaccharides
Polymers of monosaccharides
formed by dehydration synthesis of many monomers
contain C,H,O, and sometimes P
Starches and Glycogen
- 14. Multiple Choice
Define Startch
Carbohydrate storage form used by humans only
Carbohydrates storage form used by aquatic life
Carbohydrate storage form used by plants
Carbohydrate storage form used by animals
- 15. Multiple Choice
Define Glycogen
Carbohydrate storage form used by humans only
Carbohydrates storage form used by aquatic life
Carbohydrate storage form used by plants
Carbohydrate storage form used by animals
- 16. Fill in the Blank
Lipids are _____________in water
- 17. Multiple Choice
Main Types of Lipids
Triglycerides
"Neutral Fats"
Phospholipids
Steroids
- 18. Multiple Choice
Triglycerides are...
also called "neutral fats"
called fats when solid and oils when liquid
composed of 3 fatty acids and bonded to a glycerol
energy storage, insulation, and protections
- 19. Fill in the Blank
Triglycerides can be constructed of...
- 20. Fill in the Blank
Saturated fatty acids are_______ at room temperature
- 21. Fill in the Blank
Unsaturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature
- 22. Multiple Choice
Phospholipids are modified triglycerides, but what does that mean
Glucose containing group with 2 phosphorus atoms attached
Glycerol and 2 fatty acids plus a carbon containing group
Glycerol and 2 fatty acids plus a phosphorus containing group
Glycerol and 2 fatty acids plus a nitrogen containing group
- 23. Multiple Choice
What do the head and tail regions of the Phospholipid
tails are nonpolar and are attracted to water
head is a polar region and is attracted to water
tails are nonpolar and are repelled by water
head is a polar region and are repelled by water
- 24. Multiple Choice
Steroids
4 interlocking ring structure
most important steroid is cholestrol
held together by peptide bonds
made of amino acids
- 25. Multiple Choice
Why is cholesterol the most important steroid?
None
it's a necessary vitamin for reproduction
used in the cell membrane structure
It's a building block (vit. D, steroid synthesis, and bile salt synthesis)
- 26. Multiple Choice
Proteins
Functions deal with structural, chemical, and contraction processes
Polymers of amino acid monomers held together by peptide bonds
Contain C, H, O, N and sometimes S and P
shape and function due to 4 structural levels
- 27. Multiple Choice
Amino Acids
none
contain amine group and acids group
many are connected through peptide bonds
20 different types make up proteins
- 28. Multiple Choice
Levels of Protein structure
Primary- linear sequence of amino acids
Secondary- how primary amino acids interact with each other
Tertiary- how secondary structure interact
Quaternary- how 2 of more different polypeptides interact with each other
- 29. Fill in the Blank
_________ is a secondary level of structure that coils resemble a spring
- 30. Fill in the Blank
________ is a secondary level of structure that resembles accordion ribbon
- 31. Fill in the Blank
Proteins fall into two categories:
- 32. Multiple Choice
Fibrous (Structural) Protein
lower the energy needed to initiate and reaction
Strandlike, water soluble, and stable
tertiary or quaternary shaped
provide mechanical support and tensile strength
- 33. Multiple Choice
Globular (Functional) Proteins
Specific functional regions (AKA active sites)
more stable than fibrous
Compact, spherical, water-soluble, and sensitive to environment changes
tertiary or quaternary shaped
- 34. Fill in the Blank
globular proteins unfold and lose their functional 3-D shape
- 35. Multiple Choice
Enzymes
biological catalysts
lowers energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction
tertiary shaped
globular proteins that speed up reaction rate
- 36. Multiple Choice
Enzyme lowers________, which is energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction
active site energy
activation energy
mechanical energy
chemical energy
- 37. Multiple Choice
Steps involved in enzyme action:
#1 substrate binds to enzyme's active site
#2 complex undergoes rearrangement of substrate resulting in the final product
#3 Product is released from enzyme
#4 Products create bonds
- 38. Multiple Choice
Nucleic Acids
chemical energy released when glucose is broken down
are polymers that are made up of nucleotides (monomers)
2 major classes: DNA and RNA
composed of C, H, O, N and P, are the largest molecule in the body
- 39. Multiple Choice
_________ holds the genetic blueprints for the synthesis of all proteins
DNA
RNA
- 40. Multiple Choice
Nitrogen Bases (complementary base parings)
Adenine and Guanine
adenine and thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
cytosine and thymine
- 41. Multiple Choice
RNA
Thymine is replaced with URACIL
links DNA to protein synthesis
Contain Ribose sugars
single strand linear molecule
- 42. Multiple Choice
3 types of RNA
messenger, traveler, ribosomal
messenger, transcription, ribosomal
messenger, transfer, ribosomal
messenger, translation, ribosomal
- 43. Multiple Choice
ATP
Chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down is captured in adenosine triphosphate
directly powers chemical reactions in cells
It's the immediate usable energy needed by body cells
none
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