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- 1. Multiple Choice
Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called ____.
molar behavior
stimulus-response associations
intervening behaviorism
purposive behaviorism
- 2. Multiple Choice
For Tolman, the obvious and objective behavioral evidence of purpose was ____.
that the rat readily leaves the start box of a maze
that the rat behaves so as to obtain food
learning
sign Gestalt
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following did Tolman not consider to be a cause of behavior?
environmental stimuli
physiological drives
heredity
motivation
- 4. Multiple Choice
Tolman specified that the independent variables (stimuli) affect processes within the organism. These processes then control the occurrence of behavior (response). These internal processes are known as ____.
operational variables
mental sets
cognitive variables
intervening variables
- 5. Multiple Choice
For Tolman, each experience with a task strengthens the relationship between cues in the environment and the organism's ___.
learned responses
learned associations
expectations
response cues
- 6. Multiple Choice
According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a ____.
habit
drive
cognitive map
tropism
- 7. Multiple Choice
From 1930 until the 1960s, the ____ was the primary research subject for the neobehaviorists and learning theorists.
human being
white man
white bunny
white rat
- 8. Multiple Choice
It was assumed by Tolman and others that research on white rats would ____.
demonstrate the role of reinforcement in learning
provide the basic foundation from which other studies could be devised in order to replicate the results with other species
provide insights into the basic processes underlying the behavior of humans and other animals
yield basic information on motivation and motivation
- 9. Multiple Choice
Tolman argued that factors within the organism are the actual causes of behavior.
True
False
- 10. Multiple Choice
Tolman's intervening variables were not accepted by mainstream psychology because they could not be operationally defined.
True
False
- 11. Multiple Choice
Tolman recognized that research on rats could not uncover basic processes of human behavior.
True
False
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