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- 1. Multiple Choice
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by the merging of prokaryotic organisms and their hosts. Which of the following is the best evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms require oxygen in order to use energy.
Bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all divide by mitosis, while the cells containing them divide by binary fission.
Bacteria and mitochondria contain many features that are similar to each other but different from those of chloroplasts.
- 2. Multiple Choice
What organelles are thought to have once been their own individual cells?
Nucleus and mitochondria
Ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplast and golgi complex
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains the theory of how eukaryotic cells originated?
Eukaryotic cells developed from mutations in prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells originated from a combination of gases and heat in the atmosphere.
Eukaryotic cells were originally large prokaryotic cells that absorbed smaller prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells developed from organic compounds carried to Earth by debris from space.
- 4. Multiple Choice
In the 1950s, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted experiments in which they fired electrical sparks in the presence of a mixture of different gases. How did these experiments contribute to the theory of the origins of life on Earth?
They proved that organic molecules formed from the accumulation of debris from space.
They showed that organic molecules could be formed from materials available in the Earth's early atmosphere.
They determined that the age of organic molecules can be measured by the half-life of isotopes.
They discovered that organic molecules would not have formed without the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Scientists theorize that it took a billion years or more for oxygen in the atmosphere to reach the levels of today. Based on this idea, the first cells could be classified as which of the following?
Aerobic and photosynthetic
Anaerobic and heterotrophic
Photosynthetic and unicellular
Heterotrophic and eukaryotic
- 6. Multiple Choice
According the hypothesis of Oparin and the subsequent experiments of Miller and Urey, which of the following situations contributed to the origin of life on Earth?
Organic compounds formed from meteorites that had fallen to Earth.
Cells evolved in an environment lacking oxygen.
Organic compounds formed from gases available in the atmosphere.
Cells evolved from large prokaryotic cells that engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells.
- 7. Multiple Choice
An energy input is necessary to build complex organic molecules from simpler molecules. What energy source possibly created the building blocks of life during the early parts of the creation of life on Earth?
Wind
Lightning
Tornadoes
Seismic waves
- 8. Multiple Choice
The Miller and Urey experiment was a famous experiment to test weather Oparin’s hypothesis about the origins of life. The diagram below shows the set up. What combination of gases should the experiment have used?
Gases that are most likely to produce life
Gases that are lest likely to produce life.
The same gases present in today’s atmosphere.
.The gases that were present in the atmosphere of early Earth.
- 9. Multiple Choice
What important role did cyano-bacteria play in the history of life on Earth?
They performed photosynthesis and filled
the atmosphere with water vapor.
They provided the basis for a food web that
eventually supported plants.
They performed photosynthesis and led to
an oxygenated atmosphere.
They performed respiration and filled the
atmosphere with oxygen.
- 10. Multiple Choice
When life appeared, Earth’s atmosphere did not contain significant amounts of oxygen as it does have today. Which of the following processes was responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere?
Cellular respiration plants
Photosynthesis of cyanobacteria
Eruption of many volcanoes in a short period
Decomposition of organic matter.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following represents the correct chronology of the evolution of the following forms of metabolism?
1- Photosynthesis
2- Heterotropic nutrition
3- Aerobic respiration
1,2,3
2,1,3
3,2,1
3,1,2
- 12. Multiple Choice
Scientists theorize that earth is ________ years old.
15 billion
1.5 billion
4.6 billion
5000
- 13. Multiple Choice
The principle that states that life comes from other forms of life is called _______
Abiogenesis
Pangenesis
Biogenesis
Genesis
- 14. Multiple Choice
Who conducted the experiment in the picture?
Redi
Needhan
Spallanzani
Pasteur
- 15. Multiple Choice
Who conducted the experiment in the picture?
Redi
Miller
Spallanzani
Pasteur
- 16. Multiple Choice
Who conducted the experiment in the picture?
Pasteur
Needhan
Oparin
Redi
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of these gases was not a part of the early Earth atmosphere?
Ammonia
Oxygen
Methane
Water vapor
- 18. Multiple Choice
What is being simulated in the portion of Millers experiment that is marked II?
The atmosphere
The water cycle
Lightning volts
Water vapor
- 19. Multiple Choice
What does Millers experiment tell us?
Life forms from non life
Inorganic materials can form organic molecules in the right conditions
Organic materials are form in storms
Nothing, Miller’s experiment was disproven by Pasteur
- 20. Multiple Choice
What was found in the trap in the trap at the bottom of Millers experiment?
Proteins
Lipids
Aminoacids
Bacteria
- 21. Multiple Choice
What is the principle that stated that life arise from non-living matter?
Vital force
Spontaneous generation
Endosymbiosis
Biogenesis
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following wasn’t a fact that led people to believe in spontaneous generation?
Maggot appeared in rotten meat
Mice appeared in recipient with wheat
Tadpoles appeared in a pond
A frog lay eggs
- 23. Multiple Choice
What gas in today's atmosphere shields us from ultraviolet radiation?
Oxygen
Ozone
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
- 24. Multiple Choice
Where did energy for chemical reactions to make organic compounds in early Earth come from?
Electrodes and gases
Ultraviolet radiation and ozone
Lightning and ultraviolet radiation
Lightning and volcanic eruction
- 25. Multiple Choice
The endosymbiotic theory explains:
The origin of all organelles in eukaryotic cells
How bacterial cells can invade eukaryotic cells and cause disease.
How mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells.
How eukaryotic cells consume food
- 26. Multiple Choice
The scientist that hypothesized that under the conditions of early Earth organic molecules could form was:
Stanley Miller
Charles Darwin
Harold Urey
Alexander Oparin
- 27. Multiple Choice
The theory of “spontaneous generation” was finally disproved by:
Francesco Redi
Louis Pasteur
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Alexander Oparin
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplast was not an evidence of the endosymbiotic theory?
They make their own nutrients
They replicate independently
They have circular DNA
They contain their own DNA
- 29. Multiple Choice
One reason life was impossible on early Earth is:
There was a high amount of oxygen
There was no oxygen
There was no water
There was no ozone layer
- 30. Multiple Choice
Why were insects so big hundreds of millions of years ago?
There was a high amount of oxygen available to breathe
There was no oxygen what allowed them to grow more
There was no water so they grew more.
There was no ozone layer and that caused mutations
- 31. Multiple ChoiceThe theory of Endosymbiosis explains...The origin of eukaryotesHow species developHow bacteria evolvedWhy cells rely on one another
- 32. Multiple Choice
Early Autotrophs were most likely?
chemosynthetic
photosynthetic
abiotic
Multicellular
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the host cell receive from its endosymbiont (cell living inside of it)?ShelterMotilityEnergyReproduction
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.
All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.
Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. Select all that apply.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria are about the same size as bacteria.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have their own DNA which is in a single loop just like the bacterial chromosome.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria reproduce on their own independently from the rest of the cell.
Chloroplast and Mitochondria are found in prokaryotic cells
- 36. Multiple Choice
1. Where did Earth’s water come from?
Oceans
Comets
The moon
Mars
- 37. Multiple Choice
What was the name of the supercontinent 200,000,000 years ago?
Gondwana
Laurentia
Pangaea
Euramerica
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer in the atmosphere protects us form harmful UV radiation?OzoneTroposphereIonosphereExosphere
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