They were a profitable way for Europeans to maintain a presence in Asia and Africa

They required large numbers of European settlers to maintain control of foreign territories

They were more expensive to maintain than trade using overland trade routes such as the Silk Road

They had little lasting impact on the economies of Europe, Asia, or Africa

Both were coerced labor systems designed to enrich European colonizers

Both made use of enslaved Africans as agricultural workers

Both were successful in teaching indigenous peoples European farming techniques

Both were labor systems that provided economic opportunities for immigrants

A mixture of Catholic and Protestant religious elements

A mixture of indigenous and Christian religious elements

A mixture of African and European religious elements

A mixture of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim religious elements

Columbian Exchange

Feudalism

Socialism

Mercantilism

Commercial wealth

Land ownership

Racial ancestry

Religious affiliation

The monarch effectively maintained long-distance control of the colonies from Spain

Appointed officials represented the crown, overseen by royal courts in the colonies

Spanish colonial subjects elected their own rulers with the approval of the monarch

Spain adapted the political systems of the Aztec and Inca in ruling the colonies

Africa benefited more than Europe and the Americas

The Americas benefited more than Europe and Africa

Europe benefited more than Africa and the Americas

Africa, the Americas, and Europe all benefited equally

It was the route of enslaved Africans from the interior of Africa to the African coast

It was the voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

It was the triangular voyage of slave merchants between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

It was the route of enslaved Africans leaving slave ships in the Americas and going to plantations

The Atlantic slave trade was the beginning of slavery in Africa

Portuguese traders were the first to capture slaves in Africa

Slavery existed in Africa long before the arrival of Europeans

Arab merchants of the post-classical era were the first to trade for slaves in Africa

Most slave-raiding African groups became poorer because of the competition with other groups

Warfare among African groups decreased in frequency and severity

The influx of money caused economic growth

The ratio of males to females became unbalanced

political and social changes in Europe

slave revolts there in the late eighteenth century

slave revolts on ships during the Middle Passage

the abolition movement in the United States

gained power by trading slaves for firearms

used gunpowder and cannons to battle invading Europeans

abandoned trade with other African kingdoms to trade with Europeans

refused to participate in the slave trade that Europeans encouraged

The Portuguese were pioneers in gunpowder and cannon technology

The Portuguese were more skilled in setting up trading posts

Only the Portuguese were willing to trade cannons for slaves

The Portuguese were pioneers in naval technology

Export of fur to Europe, China, and North America

Export of cloth to England, India, and Persia

Import of caviar from markets on the Silk Road

Export of naval technicians to Western Europe

The growing power of nobility

The spread of Enlightenment ideas

The growing power of Cossack warriors

The rise in demand of fur

By foreign invaders who took control

By ruling dynasties

By European powers that arrived

By peasant revolts

the reestablishment of Confucianism

the fear of peasant rebellions

the influence of Zheng He's explorations

the influence of Portuguese traders

Portuguese ships and weapons were superior to those of other European powers

Portugal had a large enough population to maintain a long-term trading empire in Asia

Portugal succeeded in eliminating corruption among its government officials

Other European powers had no interest in building trade networks in Asia

sugarcane from Europe; olive trees from the Caribbean

peanuts from South America; rice from Africa

Pigs from South America; coffee from Europe

Sheep from Europe; slaves from North America

while the Ottoman Empire established Christianity as its state religion, the Tokugawa banned Catholicism

the Tokugawa Shogunate governed over a decentralized, feudalistic system while the Ottomans were able to centralize and govern using a neo-Confucianism model

the Ottoman Empire was less interested in expansionism than the Tokugawa Shogunate

the Tokugawa Shogunate was less influenced by other cultures than the Ottoman Empire was

Translation of the Bible into French

The tea ceremony in Japan

Construction of galleons by the Spaniards

Papermaking in China

England generally governed its territories in a less invasive fashion than Portugal did

While Portugal introduced a concept of monoculture in its African colonies, England was less concerned with exploiting natural resources

Portuguese territories were limited to Africa and Asia, while England held more colonies around the world

While English colonies depended on slaves for agricultural labor, Portugal relied on native populations to work on plantations

language differences prevented the spread of Renaissance thinking

Spain was geographically isolated from other parts of Europe

the Spanish government strictly censored humanistic ideas and writers

Islamic influence in Spain prevented the adoption of many of the art forms of the Renaissance

New ethnic and racial categories grew as a result of contact among Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans

In some African nations, slavery strengthened existing monarchies

New crops and agricultural technology improved the diet and health of Africans

By the late 1700s, the slave trade had been abolished in Asian and Islamic nations

Under Peter the Great, Russia became a strong military nation but failed to modernize or industrialize

Peter the Great was able to build a strong, centralized government based on militaristic principles

The lives of ordinary Russian citizens were greatly improved as a result of the Western influences imported by Peter the Great

Peter the Great was considered the third enlightened despot in the history of Russia

mercantilism

feudalism

a corporate colony

chattel slavery

interaction between Native Americans and Europeans

interaction along the Trans-Saharan trade route

interaction with East Asia and South Asia and the Middle East

knowledge of the circumference of the earth

knowledge of the Americas

knowledge of Silk Roads

Knowledge of the wind patterns and regional currents

coerced labor and manufactured goods

a market, precious metals and raw materials

coerced labor and gold

raw materials only

treaties between Europeans

the slave trade

urbanization

desertification

They provided limited liability

They provided anonymity

They provided unlimited liability and high rewards

The Caribbean; sugar plantations

Mexico; gold mines

The US; cotton plantations

Chile; silver mines

Encomiendas

Casta System

Deforestation

Increased global trade

Chattel slavery

Indentured servitude

Mita system

Complete slavery

Chattel slavery

Indentured servitude

Mita system

Complete slavery

Mita

Encomiendas

Feudalism

Plantation

Maroon societies

Secret societies

Underground Railroad

Haiti

Japan became a majority christian Country.

Japan became isolated from the rest of the world due to Christian Missionaries destroying Buddhist temples.

Japan welcomed European trade for the next 2 Centuries

Japan began to travel to the Americas to trade silk.

Split the Americas between England and France

Split the Americas between Spain and Portugal

Split the Americas between Belgium and China

Split the Americas between the Dutch and Spain

System of labor that enslaved Natives in exchange of food and shelter

System of labor that used serfs to tend the field

System of labor in which natives where granted land and money in exchange of gold.

System of labor that gave jobs to thousands of Africans coming to the Americas.

the economy of Western Europe to grow as entrepreneurs entered long-distance markets

the lower class citizens in Western Europe become more wealthy

the Americas to profit as more gold was extracted from mines

ships and other technology to grow

the development of European overseas colonies

the opening of new ocean trade routes

population growth

inflation

the discovery of large silver mines in modern-day Ukraine

they allowed continued exploration/ventures to colonize with limited risk to investors

they helped governments fund public journeys

they gave explorers the navigational tools they needed to succeed on their journeys

giving that nation or company exclusive trading rights over an area or over a crop, so they received all of the profits for trading it

growing regional markets into international ones

limiting the amount of a product that countries could extract and sell

I honestly can't think of any better answer choices...

after allying with Port. and that alliance breaking, she & her people fled & over took Matamba, allied with the Dutch & gave runaway slaves freedom to build up her power

they bought so many weapons from the Spanish they were able to defeat the Portuguese in combat

Nzinga effectively allied with the Portuguese and aided them in their slave raids of neighboring societies

she created a new colony in a safer area in eastern Africa, where the Portuguese did not have ports

Slaves fought for their independence by escaping slaveholders & establishing independent settlements

British and Spanish colonists fought for territory in the Americas

Slave rebellions primarily along the east coast of North America

the Pueblo and Apache fought off Spanish colonizers trying to force religious conversions, and kept their influence away until 1692.

the Spanish and Pueblo worked together to kick the French out of their native lands

the Pueblo and Apache fought off the British forever and established a maroon society

the revolt was the biggest native American-colonizer conflict of the 17th century

it was the final major effort of the indigenous people to drive the British out of New England

it resulted in British dominance of New England, even though several Native American tribes continued to live there

it was the first significant battle between Europeans and Native Americans in the colonies

it resulted in the Wamapanoag people living in New England for the rest of the colonial era

Spain

England

France

Portugal

Intermarriages among Native American, African, and European populations was much less common.

Enslaved Africans could as a rule look forward to freedom upon the death of his or her owner.

Native Americans were preferred over Africans to perform slave labor.

European settlers formed a smaller minority of the overall population.

European mercantilist laws

Laissez-faire principles

Renaissance guild bylaws

Medieval manorialism

continuity from the rise of civilizations

Innovations in ship design

commercial innovations from Asia

Agricultural innovations

China

Japan

Spain

Portugal

An economic policy that promotes strengthening a nation by expanding its trade

The exchange of people, other living things, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

The process of establishing settlements called colonies

Portugal

France

Britain

China