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- 1. Multiple Choice
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chancestatistical significanceexperimenter biasconfounding variables - 2. Multiple ChoiceDescriptive research where one person or group is studied in depth; baby albertnaturalistic observationexperimentcorrelational studycase study
- 3. Multiple Choice"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games. This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?OverconfidenceHindsight BiasIntuitionIllusory Correlation
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?Psychology's methods are unlike those of any other sciencePsychological experiments are less valuable without psychological scienceOut intuitions about human thinking and behavior are not always accurateIntuitions does not provide correct answers unless it is applied through the scientific method
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a potential problem for a case study?They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.They are generally too expensive to economicalThey may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other casesThe dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
- 6. Multiple ChoiceA testable prediction is called (a/an):operational definitiontheoryreplicationhypothesis
- 7. Multiple ChoiceMary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?Case studyNaturalistic observationSurveyExperiment
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat is curious skepticism?Closed to new ideasGoes along with anythingDoesn't ask questions but also doesn't accept new ideasOpen to new ideas but still questions them
- 9. Multiple ChoiceAll those in a group being studied is referred to as the...Random sampleRepresentative samplePopulationSampling bias
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhen people have the tendency to think they know more than they doIntuitionHindsight biasOverconfidencePerceiving order in random events
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the 3 most important traits for a psychologist?Curiosity, skepticism, and humilityIntelligence, humility, humorCuriosity, ignorance, organizedSmart, nice, skeptical
- 12. Multiple ChoiceThis is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interferingObservationalCorrelationalExperimentsCase StudySurvey
- 13. Multiple ChoiceThis research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the otherCorrelationalExperimentsCase StudySurveyObservational
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThis is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).ExperimentsCase StudySurveyObservationalCorrelational
- 15. Multiple ChoiceThe advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesisCase StudySurveyObservationalCorrelationalExperiments
- 16. Multiple ChoiceThe advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.SurveyObservationalCorrelationalExperimentsCase Study
- 17. Multiple ChoiceThe disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.SurveyObservationalCorrelationalExperimentsCase Study
- 18. Multiple ChoiceThe disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the behaviors could be only one-time occurrences.ObservationalCorrelationalExperimentsCase StudySurvey
- 19. Multiple ChoiceThe disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that it does not permit researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationshipsCorrelationalExperimentsCase StudySurveyObservational
- 20. Multiple ChoiceThe disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the artificiality of the lab doesn’t lend itself to real unexpected results.ExperimentsCase StudySurveyObservationalCorrelational
- 21. Multiple ChoiceMost notable examples of this method of descriptive research are cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies.Case StudySurveyObservationalCorrelationalExperiments
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe primary advantage of this method of research is that it allows for more control than naturalistic observationLaboratory ObservationsCorrelationalExperimentsCase StudySurvey
- 23. Multiple ChoiceThe disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that some variables are too challenging to manipulate in an experiment (emotions, other cognitive behavior). Results may not be reflective of the general population.ExperimentsCase StudySurveyObservationalCorrelational
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?
Random assignment
Debriefing
Stratified Sampling
Subject matching
Correlational study
- 25. Multiple Choice
Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?
Case study
Survey
Correlational study
Experiment
Simulation
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?
Mode
Median
Mean
Standard deviation
Variance
- 27. Multiple Choice
It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when...
They want to ensure that conditions are assigned randomly
They want to be able to replicate the experiment
They want to organize the hypothesis appropriately
They are conducting experimental research but not correlational research
They are conducting an experiment with no independent and dependent variables
- 28. Multiple Choice
Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The way the words are presented is which type of variable?
Confounding
Dependent
Independent
Extraneous
Control
- 29. Multiple Choice
Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that...
Earning good grades causes people to sleep more
Sleeping more causes students to perform better in school
Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not
More sleep has a beneficial impact on school performance
- 30. Multiple Choice
A statistical technique that would allow a researcher to cluster such traits as being talkative, social, and adventurous with extroversion is called...
A case study
Meta-analysis
Statistical significance
Factor analysis
Z score
- 31. Multiple Choice
A researcher surveyed social adjustment in the same group of 20 people from early childhood through adulthood. In this example, the group of 20 people surveyed was the study's...
Sample
Population
Operational definition
Control group
Randomization
- 32. Multiple Choice
Respondents to surveys often report that they are healthier, happier, and less prejudiced than would be expected based in the results of other types of research. This finding can best be explained by which of the following?
Sampling bias
Experimenter bias
Social desirability bias
Bystander effect
Placebo effect
- 33. Multiple Choice
A teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that...
A small number of students in the class did poorly on the exam
The students in her class have a very wide range of intellectual abilities
The exam was too difficult
The exam is not a reliable assessment tool
Most of her students are of above average ability
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?
Debriefing
Random sampling
Random assignment
Using only single-blind studies
Using only double-blind studies
- 35. Multiple Choice
Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?
A bimodal distribution
A normal distribution
A skewed distribution
A positive correlation
A negative correlation
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is required for a psychological experiment?
More than one independent variable
Sophisitcated equipment
Highly generalizable results
Precise operational definitions
A longitudinal design
- 37. Multiple Choiceeach time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.validityreliabilitysample
- 38. Multiple ChoiceFactors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable.control grouppopulationconfounding variables
- 39. Multiple ChoiceThe factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experimentdependent variableindependent variableconfounding variable
- 40. Multiple ChoiceThe subgroup of the population that participates in the studysampleassignmentgroup
- 41. Multiple ChoiceA phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results.placebocase studyexperimenter bias
- 42. Multiple ChoiceA psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient.independent variableplacebodependent variable
- 43. Multiple ChoiceResearch design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.single blind studycase studydouble blind study
- 44. Multiple ChoiceThe extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.reliabilityvaliditystandardized
- 45. Multiple ChoiceMeasures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.medianrangestandard deviation
- 46. Multiple ChoiceResearch design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.double blindnaturalistic observationsingle blind
- 47. Multiple ChoiceThe behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)dependent variableindependent variablerandom sample
- Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags