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- 1. Multiple Choice
What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?
Controlled Reservative Image Spectacle Palindromic Recounts
Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- 2. Multiple Choice
CRISPR can edit DNA. What organisms naturally has CRISPR?
Viruses
Humans
Plants
Bacteria
- 3. Multiple Choice
Why do bacteria have CRISPR? Check all that apply.
To be able to remember which viruses they have been infected with
To be able to edit virus DNA
To cut apart virus DNA thereby stopping the virus infection
To be able to edit their own DNA
- 4. Multiple Choice
A PAM is
a 15-20 bp sequence snipped from a viral genome that serves as a tracer DNA to locate viruses later
a 3 bp sequence that adjacent to viral DNA in a CRISPR array
a girl's name popular in the 1960s
where the DNA is cut
- 5. Multiple Choice
What is the role of the guide RNA?
It helps the cell repair the DNA
ensures that the Cas9 enzyme cuts at the right point in the genome
Recognizes PAM sequences and opens up the DNA
makes a cut across both strands of the DNA
- 6. Multiple Choice
How does the guide RNA help the cell know where to cut the DNA?
Guide RNA helps to find the PAM
Guide RNA is complementary to the DNA sequence
Guide RNA always binds to the same sequence of DNA
Like restriction sites, they are always palindromes
- 7. Multiple Choice
The following sequence is a known GENE MUTATION that geneticists would like to remove. What would be the guide RNA they need to build into a CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme?
TTA CCG
AAU GGC
AAT GGC
TTA CCG
GCC ATT
- 8. Multiple Choice
What does the cas9 protein do?
Prevents viruses from entering bacteria
Cut RNA
Cut DNA
Binds to RNA
- 9. Open Ended
Bacteria have CRISPR as a tool to be able to remember what viruses they have been infected with and then get rid of those viruses if they see them again.
How does the bacteria remember what virus they have been infected with?
- 10. Open Ended
Bacteria have CRISPR as a tool to be able to remember what viruses they have been infected with and then get rid of those viruses if they see them again.
How does the bacteria identify a virus it has seen before?
- 11. Open Ended
Bacteria have CRISPR as a tool to be able to remember what viruses they have been infected with and then get rid of those viruses if they see them again.
How does the bacteria get rid of the virus infection once it has identified that it has seen the virus before?
- 12. Open Ended
The videos kept stating that CRISPR is "programmable" - that you can somehow tell the system which DNA to edit. How is CRISPR "programmable"?
- 13. Multiple Choice
We have been modifying DNA sequences for many years - ever since restriction enzymes were discovered in the early 1970's. CRISPR and restriction enzymes are essentially the same because they can both be used to cut DNA and can be used inside of living cells.
TRUE
FALSE - Restriction enzymes do not cut DNA
FALSE - CRISPR does not cut DNA
FALSE - Restriction enzymes cannot be used inside of living cells
- 14. Multiple Choice
How does CRISPR edit DNA? Check ALL that apply.
CRISPR chemically changes A's to C's
CRISPR cuts the DNA and the cell makes errors when it tries to fix the broken DNA
CRISPR cuts the DNA and the cell can use a similar DNA sequence as a template to try to fix the DNA
CRISPR changes all PAM's so that they are no longer able to be recognized
- 15. Multiple Choice
CRISPR involves "gene editing". Dr. Doudna distinguishes "gene editing" from "genetic modification" like we have been doing prior to CRISPR. Which of the following is a big difference between "gene editing" and "genetic modification"?
Gene editing can move DNA from one organsim to another
Genetic modification can move DNA from one organism to another
Gene editing can only change A's to C's
Gene editing can move DNA from one organism to another
- 16. Open Ended
Describe one specific example of how CRISPR has been used already. Be sure to use detail. You have 3 minutes to answer this question.
- 17. Open Ended
Describe one ethical concern regarding the use of CRISPR. Use detail. You have 3 minutes to respond to this question.
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