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- 1. Multiple Choice
After a forest fire,
secondary succession occurs.
fertilizers need to be applied to the land
seeds need to be replanted
all of the above
- 2. Multiple Choice
The first species to begin colonizing an area undergoing secondary succession is called a(n) _______________ species.
intrepid
primary
original
pioneer
- 3. Multiple Choice
____________________ can be thought of as pioneer species during primary succession, even though they are really a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae.
Lichen
Grasses
Shrubs
Soil
- 4. Multiple Choice
____________________ species are the first species to colonize disturbed or newly created environments.
intrepid
primary
original
pioneer
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which would represent primary succession?
rock--> moss --> lichen --> grass --> shrub --> trees
rock --> lichen --> moss --> shrub --> grass --> trees
rock --> lichen --> moss --> grass --> trees --> shrub
rock --> lichen --> moss --> grass --> shrub --> trees
- 6. Multiple Choice
The composition and quantity of species in a community generally change over time, forming the gradual process of ________________.
climax succession
ecological succession
ecological recession
climax recession
- 7. Multiple Choice
Bare rock must be turned into ________. This is usually the first step of primary succession.
lichen
grass
soil
- 8. Multiple Choice
An area that has been disturbed by a natural phenomenon or by human disturbance can experience new growth that usually begins with plants such as grasses and weeds. This is called _____________ succession.
tertiary
secondary
primary
quaternary
- 9. Multiple Choice
All of the following contribute directly to soil formation EXCEPT
the erosion of rock by weather
the decomposition of organisms
volcanic eruptions
lichens
- 10. Multiple Choice
Secondary succession occurs in which of the following situations? (Select ALL that apply)
after a flood
after logging
after farming
after a fire
- 11. Multiple Choice
Primary succession occurs in an area that has:
Never been colonized by organisms before
Has been colonized by organisms but was destroyed by a natural disaster
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a disturbance that could bring about secondary succession?
Humans cut down many trees in a small region
A volcanic eruption covers a village in lava
Low tide leaves a barnacle-encrusted rock exposed
- 13. Multiple Choice
High biodiversity leads to sustainability of an ecosystem.
True
False
- 14. Multiple Choice
What is ecological succession?
The process of one ecosystem taking over another ecosystem.
The order of the ecosystems and how they occur.
When an ecosystem inherits a national distinction.
A predictable process of change in an ecosystem.
- 15. Multiple Choice
What is the function of a pioneer species?
To prepare the forest for a natural disturbance
To scout out an area and see if it is suitable for growth
To break down exposed rock and other nutrients into soil.
To establish a relationship between two ecosystems.
- 16. Multiple Choice
What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession results in a climax community, whereas secondary succession results in a destroyed community.
Primary succession starts with bare rock, whereas secondary succession starts with an already established community of plants.
Primary succession takes a longer period of time because it begins with bare rock, whereas secondary succession takes a shorter amount of time because it begins with already established soil.
Primary succession takes a shorter amount of time because it begins with already established soil, whereas secondary succession takes a longer period of time because it begins with bare rock.
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not an example of a disturbance that might jump start secondary succession?
An ecosystem being destroyed by pollution.
A long period of little or no rainfall resulting in a drought.
A hurricane causing a devastating flood.
A volcano forming a new island in a chain.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Primary and secondary succession both end with the formation of a climax community.
True
False
- 19. Multiple Choice
Pioneer species get their name from being the ____________________ species in an ecosystem.
first
second
last
third
- 20. Multiple Choice
A community experiences a devastating flood and is wiped out of an area. This area will undergo ____________________ succession to become a climax community.
primary
secondary
- 21. Multiple Choice
A tsunami brings a bunch of new sand onto a beach in a coastal region and new sand dunes develop. This region will undergo ____________________ succession to become a climax community.
primary
secondary
- 22. Multiple Choice
When an ecosystem is balanced it is has reached______
climax community
primary succession
secondary succession
sustainability
- 23. Multiple Choice
Put the stages of primary succession below in order from beginning to end.
mature forest, young forest, shrubs, grasses, lichen, bare rock
bare rock, lichens, grasses, shrubs, young forest, mature forest
bare rock, lichens, shrubs, grasses, mature forest, young forest
lichens, bare rock, grasses, shrubs, young forest, mature forest
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