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- 1. Multiple Choice
If an ecosystem experiences a natural disaster, which criterion increases an organism’s chance of survival?
there are few abiotic factors in the environment
the organisms are large
the population size is small
the species exhibit inherited genetic variation
- 2. Multiple Choice
Surtsey is an island located south of Iceland. The island was formed by a volcanic eruption and first appeared in 1963. The table below contains descriptions if changes in the population and diversity of species on Surtsey. Which of these lists the descriptions in the correct order of ecological succession on Surtsey?
I, II, IV, III
IV, III, I, II
III, I, II, IV
II, IV, I, III
- 3. Multiple Choice
An ecosystem reaches ________ when there are not too many of a species alive or dead.
stand-still
equilibrium
limit
maximum population density
- 4. Multiple Choice
The growth of which of the following usually occurs first in primary succession?
lichens
grasses
trees
shrubs
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of these is a main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession happens slowly, and secondary succession happens rapidly.
Small plants grow first during primary succession, while large trees grow first in secondary succession.
Primary succession occurs after a natural disaster, but secondary succession occurs before a natural disaster.
Primary succession is the colonization of new sites, while secondary succession is colonization of previously inhabited sites.
- 6. Multiple Choice
The last stage of succession in this pond is that the pond will become-
deeper and clearer
filled with soil
polluted by acid rain
salty due to evaporation
- 7. Multiple Choice
After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area?
Grasses, trees, mosses, lichens
Shrubs, grasses, trees, lichens
Lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees
Mosses, grasses, lichens, trees
- 8. Multiple Choice
A farmer stops cultivating a large tract of farmland and abandons it. The natural changes taking place soon afterwards, such as the growth of wild grasses and weeds, can be considered secondary succession and not primary succession because-
A new ecosystem develops.
There is already soil present.
The land is not controlled by humans.
Wild grasses and weeds make soil from rock.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of an event that would occur before primary succession?
tornado
hurricane
lava flow
forest fire
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which statement describes how the ecosystem shown is likely to change after ecological succession?
The variety of fish species
will increase.
The number of plants will
increase.
The level of the water will increase.
The elevation of the hills will increase.
- 11. Multiple Choice
When Mount Saint Helens volcano erupted, the blast covered much of the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagram, which list shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed the eruption?
X, Y, Z, W
Z, X, Y, W
W, Y, X, Z
Z, Y, W, X
- 12. Multiple Choice
A deciduous forest has a large diverse population of squirrels. Some of the squirrels, in this population, have grizzled grey back fur, some have pale grey back fur, and others have reddish fur. Some squirrels have pale grey ears and tails, while others have white ears and tails. There are some squirrels that have black fur all over their bodies. The squirrels range in length from 380 to 525 mm. Even though the members of the population show a wide range of traits, they all belong to the same species (Sciurus caolinensis)
Which of the following would be the most likely immediate impact of a forest fire on this population?
the population would become less diverse
the population would become more diverse
the diversity would not be affected
the population would adapt their traits to the new environment
- 13. Multiple Choice
What is the typical pioneer species in primary succession?
trees
shrubs
lichens
grasses
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which ecological process is shown in the pictures?
migration
succession
nitrification
precipitation
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of these describes the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession is always followed by secondary succession.
Secondary succession ends with a climax community, but primary succession does not.
Primary succession begins with rock, while secondary succession does not.
Secondary succession ends with a climax community, while primary succession ends with pioneer species.
- 16. Multiple Choice
During primary succession, the initial formation of soil helps establish-
grass
mushrooms
trees
shrubs
- 17. Multiple Choice
Continuing to live, despite difficult circumstances is called-
succession
survival
equilibrium
- 18. Multiple Choice
When abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem are relatively constant over time.
succession
survival
equilibrium
- 19. Multiple Choice
What is the proper sequence of the pictures shown?
C,A,B,D,E
B,A,C,D,E
A,B,C,D,E
B,A,D,C,E
- 20. Multiple Choice
What type of force causes destruction or much damage in an ecosystem?
constructive force
destructive force
Newton's Force
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