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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which would be the most useful source of evidence to support McNeill’s contention that “the Safavid [Safavid] empire remained a profoundly disturbing force in the Moslem [Muslim] world?”
writings by Safavids about Shi’a beliefs
writings by modern-day Muslim historians.
writings by Ottoman religious leaders of that time about the Safavids.
writings by archaeologists about discoveries of Safavid and Ottoman religious relics.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Today, Iran and Turkey are often political rivals. This passage suggests that this rivalry is based on historical conflicts over
Democracy and political extremism
Control of land and natural resources
The role of leaders such as the shah and emperor
How to practice Islam correctly
- 3. Multiple Choice
What brought an end to the “normal state of hostility” between the Safavids and Ottomans mentioned in the passage?
Safavid fervor for its brand of Islam slowly declined until the two empires stopped fighting.
The constant fighting increased the respect of the empires each other, which eventually led to peace between them.
Both sides united to fight against European Christian forces that threatened them.
The Ottomans slowly gained greater power and were able to stop the agitation by the Safavids.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The Songhai Empire was like the empire of Japan because the Songhai
Created a strong central government to rule the empire
Expanded the territory under its control
Was ruled by a muslim
Was the first empire to trade gold extensively
- 5. Multiple Choice
The Songhai Empire under Sunni Ali was different from the empire under Askia the Great because
Sunni Ali made a pilgrimage to Mecca
Askia used religion to legitimize his control
Sunni Ali made Songhai the largest kingdom in West Africa
Askia used zamindars to collect taxes.
- 6. Multiple Choice
How did Askia the Great challenge Sunni Ali’s legitimacy?
He claimed Sunni Ali was a weak military commander.
He questioned Sunni Ali’s faithfulness to the principles of Islam.
He established strong tributary ties that had more allegiance to him than to Sunni Ali.
He reformed taxation policies throughout the kingdom.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which claim about Father Simon’s purpose for meeting Shah Abbas I is best supported by the above passage?
Simon was impressed by the new technology used by the Safavids.
Simon wanted the pope to know of the Safavids’ military power.
Simon hoped the people would sell new weapons to the Safavids.
Simon thought the Safavids could teach Europeans about how to organize a military.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which most strongly contributed to the historical development reflected in Father Simon’s description of the Safavid military Structure?
Safavid intolerance for the Sunni population.
Mughal support for Sikhism
Ottoman development of shariah
The Thirty Years’ War
- 9. Multiple Choice
This source supports the claim that the Safavids were similar to the Ottomans and the Mughals because all three
Used gunpowder weapons
Practiced identical religious beliefs
Organized empires using the same methods
Were ahead of the Europeans in military power
- 10. Multiple Choice
The specific technological innovation depicted here that improved deep water navigation was the
compass
upper deck oars
astrolabe
lateen sails
- 11. Multiple Choice
The technological innovation depicted in the above image was first used in
The Black Sea
The East African Coastal city of Kilwa
Constantinople
The Indian Ocean
- 12. Multiple Choice
The European Monarch who made the greatest use of this new technology was
Prince Henry
Henry VIII
Mehmed the Great
Pope Urban II
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which conclusion about the Portuguese is the best supported by the passage above?
They manufactured luxury goods that they could sell in China.
They made great profits transporting goods between Asian countries.
They primarily wanted to accumulate silver.
They preferred to trade with China rather than Japan.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes the point of view of the source, Ralph Fitch?
He was ridiculing the Portuguese for working so hard for so little profit.
He was embarrassed that the Portuguese were taking advantage of the Chinese and Japanese.
He was hoping to make profits just as the Portuguese were doing.
He was criticizing the Portuguese for being so focused on acquiring wealth.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains why Portugal established a trading post empire?
It had a large navy and was able to conquer nearby lands.
It was a landlocked country and could not expand except by sea.
It had only enough people and power to maintain trading posts rather than a large empire.
It was ahead of other European states in developing navigational innovations.
- 16. Multiple Choice
The excerpt implies that Espinosa felt
Sympathy for those working in the mine
Loyal to the Spanish government
Concerned for the souls of the indigenous population
Interested primarily in making profits from the mine.
- 17. Multiple Choice
The system for using Indian labor described in the passage was most similar to the system of labor used
On indentured servants in the British North American colonies
In the bureaucracy in Tang China
In early capitalism in Western Europe
By merchants in the trans-Saharan salt trade.
- 18. Multiple Choice
What impact did the products of mines described in the passage, along with metals extracted from other mines, have on Spain and the rest of the world?
It enabled the Spanish navy to defeat the English navy in 1588
It resulted in inflation and a worldwide devaluation of silver
It caused gold to become the new form of worldwide currency.
It allowed many South Americans to move to Europe.
- 19. Multiple Choice
This painting probably represents a family in Latin America rather than one in British North America because Latin American families were more likely to
Have young children living with them.
Wear formal clothing with lace.
Consist of a European man and a native woman.
Include a husband and a wife of similar ages.
- 20. Multiple Choice
Why would the family portrayed in this painting have been rarer to find in a French colony than in other European colonies?
The French developed worse relationships with Native Americans.
French settlers were less likely to settle permanently in one place.
The French had a strict ban on marriage with Native Americans.
French settlers were usually females rather than males.
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the cultural exchange represented in the painting?
The colonist has adopted aspects of the culture of the woman.
The child likely speaks Spanish
The woman is raising her child in the traditions of her culture.
The woman has adopted aspects of the culture of the colonies.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Of the movements shown on the map, the largest resulted from a high demand for labor to grow
sugar
cotton
rubber
tea
- 23. Multiple Choice
This map best supports the claim that one effect of the movements shown on the map was that between 1500 and 1800 Africa’s population
Was too large in 1500 to be supported by the technology of that time
Was too small in 1800 to enable the slave trade to continue
Was becoming more diverse as immigrants replaced people who had been enslaved.
Was growing less than it would have without slave trade.
- 24. Multiple Choice
The movements shown on the map were part of a global trend between 1500 and 1800 of
Greater contract among people of different ethnic backgrounds
Greater separation among people living in different continents
States becoming smaller and more homogenous
States becoming larger but more homogenous
- 25. Multiple Choice
One similarity between Cossacks and American cowboys was that both
Lived on the frontier of an expanding country
Were criminals forced into exile by their governments
Often formed alliances with the native inhabitants of their region
Represented the spread of urban society.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Why would Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) use Cossacks to expand the Russian empire into Siberia
They lived in a harsh climate and could withstand the Siberian winters.
They lived near Muslims and therefore could negotiate with Siberian Muslims
They had a tradition of being fierce warriors
They were Ukranian and would defend Ivan from rebellions by Siberian Russians
- 27. Multiple Choice
The conflict between the Cossacks and Catherine the Great known as the Pugachev Rebellion was most similar to
The Mongol conquests because it was a fight over control of the wealth
The english Civil War because it was a fight between a monarch and a legislature.
The Thirty Years’ war because it was a fight between a monarch and a legislature
The conflicts in Japan during the Heian period in which feudal lords controlled the lives of the serfs.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Based on the passage and what you have read in this unit, what were Akbar’s policies toward religion?
Akbar favored strict Islamic practice and sometimes persecuted Catholics.
Akbar focused almost exclusively on the relatively new religious teachings of the Sikhs.
Akbar showed tolerance of and interest in a variety of religions.
Akbar was not interested in religion, pursuing philosophy instead.
- 29. Multiple Choice
In the above passage, what is the author’s attitude toward Akbar’s behavior.
He disapproved of Akbar’s lack of adherence to Islamc practice
He is impressed by Akbar’s curiosity and open-mindedness.
He wants to participate in the religious discussions in Akbar’s court
He believes Islamic thought has too much influence over Akbar.
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which of the following had policies on religion that most resembled those of Akbar?
Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella
Qing dynasty
Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II
England under Edward I
- 31. Multiple Choice
The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450–1750 ?
The transmission of new weapons along trade networks
The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states
The use of new weapons to establish trading-post empires
The development of new processes of manufacturing to create new weapons
- 32. Multiple Choice
The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments?
The growing political influence of religious scholars at the Ottoman court
The granting of substantial religious and legal autonomy to Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire
The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East
The decline of the importance of the Janissaries in the Ottoman army
- 33. Multiple Choice
The type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450–1750 EXCEPT the
Aztec (Mexica) Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Qing dynasty
- 34. Multiple Choice
The relationship between levels of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450–1750 ?
As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue.
As agricultural technology became more advanced, less people were needed to farm and more people were able to be enrolled in state militaries.
As commercial profits and urbanization increased, states were able to obtain more revenue.
As states expanded their territories, they were able to acquire access to more natural resources.
- 35. Multiple Choice
The trends in military personnel and state revenue shown in the table are best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local elites in the period 1450–1750 ?
States often relied on local elites to supervise provincial administration.
Local elites began looking to the state to provide titles that demonstrated their legitimacy.
States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites.
Local elites began to command their own military forces.
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 is best understood as a response to the trends shown in the table?
The creation of divine-right theories of monarchy
The creation of larger state bureaucracies
The emergence of tribute collection as a form of taxation
The emergence of banking systems
- 37. Multiple Choice
A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial states in the period circa 1450–1750 continued to
use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies
prefer to resolve interstate conflicts through warfare rather than through diplomatic means
patronize religious establishments and preside over religious ceremonies
seek to unite forces to prevent the spread of secular ideas
- 38. Multiple Choice
Based on the purpose of the letter, Selim’s description of the followers of Shah Ismail I as a “heretical faction” can best be interpreted as a commentary of the Safavid Empire’s
military strength
adherence to Shi‘a Islam
Turkic origins
use of the Persian language
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim’s letter?
The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.
Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires developed extensive trade connections with European states and states in the Indian Ocean region.
Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires made use of gunpowder weapons in the course of their territorial expansion.
The Ottoman and Safavid empires brought a high degree of centralization to parts of southwest Asia that had been politically fragmented before.
- 40. Multiple Choice
The fact that the Russian tsar insisted in the last paragraph that some ambassadors be treated differently from others best illustrates which of the following about international politics in the period circa 1650–1750 ?
The Christian countries of Europe had banded together to defeat the threat from the Muslim Ottoman Empire
The Christian countries of Europe had banded together to defeat the threat from the Muslim Ottoman Empire
Poland and the Ottoman Empire both felt threatened by rising military might of Russia.
The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Russia, and most other European countries were bound by international treaties prohibiting the mistreatment of ambassadors.
- 41. Multiple Choice
As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450–1750 ?
Mercantilist philosophy continued to inform the economic and social policies of many states.
Many states were able to consolidate their political systems and eliminate challenges to monarchial power
Religious difference stopped being a significant factor in the weakening and fragmentation of imperial states.
Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.
- 42. Multiple Choice
The privileges discussed in the last two paragraphs of the passage best demonstrate that in some instances in the period 1450–1750
Internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states.
States implemented policies seeking to restrict the role of certain minority groups in economic and social life.
Monarchs had to resort to deploying standing armies to crush regional revolts by hereditary local elites.
States successfully established professional bureaucracies to reduce reliance on mercenaries.
- 43. Multiple Choice
The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maritime exploration efforts by England, France, and the Netherlands were most directly connected to which of the following historical processes?
The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation
Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find a new sailing routes to Asia.
The transfer of engineering and navigational knowledge from the classical and Islamic worlds to Europe.
The need to ease population pressures in Europe by establishing settlement colonies.
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which of the following developments can be most directly attributed to Portuguese and Spanish state sponsorship of maritime exploration in the late fifteenth century?
Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Improvements in Europeans’ ability to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Religious divisions in European related to the Protestant Reformation
The development of theories of natural rights and representative government.
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which of the following processes most immediately led to the global expansion of European political power in the period circa 1500 ?
The Columbian Exchange
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods.
Advances in medicine that improved European’s ability to survive in tropical climates.
- 46. Multiple Choice
All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which might best be used to undermine or modify the author’s argument in the second paragraph?
Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms.
Christian and Jewish communities in many other Muslim states in the period circa 1450-1750 enjoyed some of the same rights as Ottoman Christian and jews did.
Many Ottoman Christians and Jews achieved great financial success through commercial activities, including long-distance trade.
The Ottoman Empire was a preferred destination for Jews fleeing religious persecution in Europe, as well as for Protestant Christian groups fleeing Catholic persecution in Central and Eastern Europe.
- 47. Multiple Choice
All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author’s argument in the first paragraph of the passage?
The Mamluk ruling elites of Egypt were made up of slave soldiers of various ethnic origins, including Turco-Mongolic peoples from the Black Sea steppes and peoples from the Caucasus Mountains.
The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt.
The Mamluks were one of the very few Muslim dynasties to have successfully defeated invading Mongol armies in battle.
The Jewish community in Mamluk Cairo included many prominent figures, including royal physicians, scholars, and administrators.
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would a historian most likely cite as evidence in support of the author’s argument in the second paragraph of the passage?
The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders
The Ottoman practice of devshirme, a military levy of Christian boys who would be converted to Islam and trained as Ottoman Janissary soldiers or bureaucrats in state service
The Ottoman practice of farming out the collection of taxes to local private individuals (some of them non-Muslim), because of the shortage of trained government financial officials
The Ottoman sultans’ continued powers of granting final approval for any high-ranking appointment of a non-Muslim religious leader, including the power to approve patriarchs and bishops of the various Christian communities and chief rabbis of the Jewish community
- 49. Multiple Choice
The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox’s impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans?
Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority
Evidence from population genetics
Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs
Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue
- 50. Multiple Choice
The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT
many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it
the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox
the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease
smallpox was widespread among Native Americans
- 51. Multiple Choice
The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim?
The author’s statement that Native Americans lived in a “trading house” near the English settlement
The author’s statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not “make a fire, or fetch water to drink”
The author’s statement that the English settlers “took pity” at the sight of the Native Americans’ suffering
The author’s statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though “many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks”
- 52. Multiple Choice
Which of the following developments can be most directly attributed to Portuguese and Spanish state sponsorship of maritime exploration in the late fifteenth century?
Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean
Improvements in Europeans’ ability to prevent the spread of infectious diseases
Religious divisions in Europe related to the Protestant Reformation
The development of theories of natural rights and representative government
- 53. Multiple Choice
The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company’s directors in the letter can best be described as
evenhanded in describing the benefits and detriments of various proposed options to the States General
shaped by views of European cultural and religious superiority over African peoples, which the States General representatives would have been likely to share
dismissive in its evaluation of the military and strategic importance of the kingdom of Kongo to the Netherlands
seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially
- 54. Multiple Choice
The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s?
Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.
State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories.
The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states.
Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest.
- 55. Multiple Choice
The report’s position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors’ goal to
secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade
highlight the gender and family imbalances created by the slave trade
recommend that the company expand its operations to the Indian Ocean and the spice islands of Southeast Asia
offer a comparison between the profitability of East African versus West African slave trade routes
- 56. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the author’s argument in the first paragraph?
The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified.
Barbadian slaves are punished more leniently than slaves working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands.
Plantation owners who punish their slaves too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly.
The punishments of slaves in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly slave uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island.
- 57. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage?
The current political and economic makeup of European colonies in the Caribbean is not sustainable over the long term.
Christianity will provide a solution to the social ills of colonial societies in the Caribbean.
Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits.
It is incumbent upon France to try to wrest control of Barbados from Great Britain.
- 58. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the author’s claim in the second paragraph?
The extensive mining of precious metals on Caribbean islands has destroyed the islands’ natural environment.
Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy.
Slave political grievances are threatening the political order in American colonial societies.
Barbadian plantation owners are the wealthiest social group in the Caribbean.
- 59. Multiple Choice
Czar Peter the Great wanted to modernize and ____________ Russia to catch up with Europe.
govern
westernize
destroy
centralize
- 60. Multiple Choice
What should the Japanese do?
Continue to reject America’s demand for trade and maintain isolation from Western powers
Prepare samurai warriors for war when the Americans returned in 1854
Realize Japan is overpowered and accept America’s trade request
Seek China’s advice on how to resist imperialists and form an alliance with other Asian nations.
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