A system that provides a service

A system that allows users to collaborate

A system that controls who has access to a service

A system that is a "middle man" within SSO

It is used in OAuth Flow

It has nothing to do with security

it is XML file that is used for SSO

It is a "language" used within SSO

To create users in system when they ask for access

To control access to target system

To obtain information about users from controlling system

To resolve issues between systems and access between each other

As an extra field on User object to store additional Id

It is field that can be used to identify users in multiple systems.

As an identification between access control system and system with service

Is an Salesforce User Id translated to more readable form

Username and password

2FA

Salesforce1

SSO

It is an app in your phone and you can use it to login to Salesforce

HW token that provides long span token that can be used to confirm identity

SW token that provides long span token that can be used to confirm identity

Short Time valid token provided by HW token that has to be used to confirm users identity