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- 1. Multiple Choice
The influence of sea ice on the Earth is:
regional.
global.
negligible.
non-existent.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Once sea ice begins to melt, a cycle often begins. As more ice melts and exposes more dark water, the water absorbs more sunlight. The sun-warmed water then melts more ice. Over several years, this can influence global climate. This process is an example of:
a positive feedback cycle.
a negative feedback cycle.
a maelstrom.
false reasoning.
- 3. Multiple Choice
When seawater begins to freeze, it forms tiny crystals just millimeters wide called frazil. How the crystals coalesce into larger masses of ice depends upon:
whether the seas are calm or rough.
the salinity of the seawater.
the temperature of the seawater.
the amount of precipitation that has recently fallen.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Some sea ice holds fast to a coastline or the sea floor. This is called "fast ice.” "Pack ice" drifts with winds and currents. Because pack ice is dynamic,
pieces can collide and form much thicker ice.
it melts slower than fast ice.
it can flow all the way to the Equator.
it is only found in the Southern Hemisphere.
- 5. Multiple Choice
What causes Antarctic sea ice to melt more completely in the summer than Arctic sea ice?
differences in geography and climate
Penguins help the ice melt more completely than polar bears.
Antarctica is a continent, while Arctic regions are oceans.
It is summer twice as long in Antarctica than in the Arctic.
- 6. Multiple Choice
What must happen in order for sea ice to thicken?
The ocean must lose heat to the atmosphere.
The ocean must gain heat from the ocean gyre system.
The ocean must keep its heat constant and away from tectonic subduction zones.
The tides must remain high for longer periods of time than normal.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Today, scientists studying Arctic sea ice trends can rely on a fairly comprehensive record dating back to 1953. Which of the following do these scientists use to establish this data? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
satellite records
shipping records
ice charts
earthquake events
- 8. Multiple Choice
Since 1979, a collection of satellites has provided a continuous, nearly complete record of Earth’s sea ice cover. Valuable data are collected by satellite sensors that observe the emitted _________________________ by the ice surface.
microwaves
visible light waves
infrared
sound waves
- 9. Multiple Choice
Reliable records of Arctic sea ice began in 1953, and satellites have offered a near-continuous record since 1979. The plot above shows sea ice anomalies, meaning:
how much Arctic sea ice cover was above or below the norm.
how much more sea ice there is in Antarctica than ib the Arctic.
the average global temperatures at the North and South Poles.
the total amount of carbon dioxide in the Atmosphere.
- 10. Multiple Choice
What are the two ways to express Earth's total polar ice cover?
ice area and ice extent
ice color and ice density
ice temperature and ice salinity
ice hardness and ice brittleness
- 11. Multiple Choice
Scientists set a threshold percentage, and count every pixel that meets or exceeds that threshold as “ice-covered." What does this allow them to do?
estimate sea ice extent
predict ice melt temperature
determine how long before all sea has has dissipated
correct the problem of melting sea ice
- 12. Multiple Choice
Beyond measuring ice coverage, satellites can also help scientists get a better handle on thickness.
True
False
- 13. Multiple Choice
In the summer of 2016, NASA’s Operation IceBridge mapped the extent, frequency, and depth of melt ponds that form on top of the sea ice during the melt season. This was accomplished by using:
an airplane.
satellites.
large ships.
drones.
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