A ___ well is a well that is made by excavating a circular hole several feet in a diameter to a rather shallow depth.

The storage size of a basin or reservoir should be based on the maximum consumption expected during an average storage time of ___ hours.

A ___ water system is a public water system that provides water for at least 25 people per day and only uses water occasionally and for short periods of time.

___ water is wastewater from fixtures that comes in contact with or contains fecal matter or food solids.

___ are individual or groups of atoms that carry an electrical charge.

Building sewers and private sewage disposal systems should be kept at least ___ from water wells.

A(n) ___ is provided on water softener piping so that maintenance can be performed on the water softener without interrupting the water supply to the remainder of the residence.

___ is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase..

A(n) ___ is a measurement of weight equal to 0.002285 ounce (0.064779 g).

Reclaimed water is most commonly used as ___ water.

___ storm water harvesting uses earthworks, land shaping, or other earth-related techniques and structures to direct, concentrate, and infiltrate storm water into the soil for beneficial uses such as plant uptake and groundwater recharge.

____ is a mechanical water treatment process that removes particulate matter by separating water from solid material by passing it through a filter such as sand.

___ level is the measure of the cloudiness in water and is measured by shining a light through the water.

___ drilling, also known as percussion or hammer drilling, is the rhythmic raising and lowering of a heavy drill string cable with a bit on the end that breaks up earth material by slightly rotating each time it is lifted and dropped.

Atmospheric water vapor becomes concentrated in cloud formations and being heavier than air, falls to the earth as ___.

___ are the structures used to divert or pump raw water from freshwater sources or impound reservoirs to treatment facilities.

An alternate water source is a nonpotable source of water that includes, but is not limited to ___, black water, gray water, storm water, and rainwater.

An impounding reservoir has two functions: impounding surface water for beneficial use and ___.

A(n) ___ system collects and stores storm water, and it consists of a cistern, pipe, fittings, pumps, and/or other plumbing appurtenances.

A privately owned public water system is a public water system that is owned and operated by ___.

___ is the process of removing salt and other minerals from ocean or other saline water.

The ___ system component of a rainwater catchment system consists of cisterns or tanks, filtering or other treatment systems, pumps, and controls.

Private water systems serve no more than 60 people.

Rainwater is from natural precipitation that has not been contaminated by use.

A well casing is a tubular shaft placed in a well hole to maintain the well structure.

Coagulation is the settling of solids in raw water as it goes through impounding reservoirs or other holding areas on its way to a water treatment plant.

When there is enough water in the soil to displace all the air in the soil spaces, the soil becomes saturated and is called the watershed.

The ideal location of an impounding reservoir is at a level higher than the treatment facility and water distribution system so that gravity can be used to create pressure throughout the system.

Gray water is that does not come into contact with fecal or organic matter.

The generation of heat from the sun drives the hydrologic cycle by providing the energy for the evaporation of water from various water sources on the planet's surface.

The pH scale ranges from 0-10 in which 5 is neutral, less than 5 is acidic and more that 5 is alkaline or basic

Glacial ice covers approximately 10% to 11% of all land surface.

The ___ in any layout system is essentially the cold water supply main.

A ___ is an area, such as bathroom or other fixture group area, where multiple fixtures are installed close to each other.

___ pressure is ther pressure available under full flow conditions.

A(n) ___ must be installed ahead of a pressure-reducing valve to prevent dirt and debris from entering the valve mechanism.

A(n) ___ system is a water-pressure booster system that includes an open, but covered, water storage tank located on the roof of a building, a pump to supply water to the tank, and piping and valves to deliver water to the building water supply system.

A ___ valve is required where a hot water storage tank or indirect water heater is installed at an elevation above fixture hot water outlets.

A water hammer arrester is device that contains a permanently sealed cushion of gas or air designed to provide protection against excessive ___.

The bottom of water piping should be a minimum of ___" above the top of drainage pipe when crossing the pipe and placed on a solid shelf at one side of the trench when placed parallel with drainage piping.

___ is an impairment of potable water that creates a hazard to the public through poisoning or the spread of disease.

A(n) ___cross connection can lead to backsiphonage or backpressure backflow.

Air gap separation must always be a minimum of ___".

An atmospheric vacuum breaker must be installed with the a C-L a minimum of ___" above the overflow rim of a fixture or above all downstream piping.

Backflow prevention assemblies must be tested at least ___ by a certified ASSE 5000 backflow-prevention-assembly tester.

A reduced-pressure (RP) backflow prevention assembly consists of ___ independently acting internally spring-loaded check valves.

___ treatment is the final level of wastewater treatment, which improves effluent quality before water is reused, recycled, or discharged to the enviroment.

A trunk-and-branch piping layout is a water piping layout that consists of a(n) ___, which travels through the building and decreases in size as various branches of piping are taken off from it.

___, when applied to a fixture, connection, appliance, or equipment, means having access thereto but first may require the removal of an access panel, door, or similar obstruction.

___ is the term used to describe power that is consumed in moving liquids through piping, fittings, and other system components.

A(n) ___ is a fullway gate or ball valve that is intended to be fully opened or fully closed when in service and isolates a complete piping system or an individual zone, fixture, or appliance within a system.

The ___ of building water supply system piping is critical to the safe operation of the plumbing system and the protection of building occupants.

___ backflow is a backflow condition in which used, contaminated, or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel flows back into a water supply pipe due to pressure being less than atmospheric pressure in piping.

The ___ opening is the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply discharge measured or expressed in terms of diameter or, if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area.

The ___ required for a building water supply system is the pressure required to operate a fixture or appliance at the highest elevation in the system.

A(n) ___ is an electronic device that monitors and controls the direction, speed, torque, and other operating functions of an electric motor in addition to providing motor protection.

Double-check backflow prevention assemblies are usually tested and approved for ___ installations.

Risers are typically installed in chaes or large wall spaces extending vertically through a building.

Most plumbing codes limit the maximum water pressure at any point in a building water supply system to a static water pressure of 150 psi.

A control valve is required at each water-supplied piece of mechanical equipment.

Piping should not be directly embedded in concrete.

The requirements for labeling building water supply piping is more extensive in the 2015 IPC than in the 2015 UPC.

The background color and required information on water supply piping shall be shown every 20 feet but not less than once per room and shall be visible from the floor level.

The physical link, or connection, can be removed by using backflow prevention methods, devices, or assemblies.

Some jurisdictions or codes, including the 2015 UPC, do not recognize the barometric loop as an approved backflow prevention method.

If a backflow prevention assembly is at an elevation of less than 5' (1.5 m) from the floor or grade, it must be provided with a permanent platform.

An air test should be at 50 psi (345 kPa) for a minimum of 1 hour.

A hydropneumatic tank system holds approximately two-thirds water under pressure created by a water pump to deliver water to a building water supply system.

Normally, the system installer will have a set of building prints and piping specifications to guide the piping installation process.

A ___ is an assembly of pipe, unions, and/or flanges that permit a meter to be a removed without interrupting water service.

A ___ feed system is a water distribution system that uses direct pumping to supply the needed water pressure for a piping network.

The ___ at the top of a hydrant seals the top of the upper barrel and provides access and protection to the operating nut and valve stem.

A(n) ___ is an ASME- or non-ASME-approved vessel that holds water and air under pressure.

Manifold tapping is accomplished by making several small taps and then joining the service piping together to make one larger service line by means of a ___.

A ___ distribution system is a water distribution system in which finished water is delivered to consumers via a water truck or other conveyance and tank.

Type ___ laying condition is for soil that is unstable or consists of large rock.

Areas with flat topography require ___water storage tanks to provide that proper static head for system pressure.

A(n) ___ is attached to the outside of a pipe and sealed to the pipe with a gasket.

A ___ piping network is a water distribution piping network that is laid out in a checkerboard fashion with piping usually decreasing in size as the distance increases from the source of supply.

___ restrained joints provide joint restaint with the mechanical joint socket of a pipe, fitting, valve, or other product.

A(n) ___ valve is an air-control valve designed to vent entrained air at high points in water distribution systems.

A(n) ___ water meter is usually installed when water flow rates will vary greatly because of low and peak water-use periods.

A ___ is a vertical steel H-beam that is driven into the ground.

A(n) ___-type hydrant is a special-purpose hydrant for use in which firefighting is not the primary purpose of the hydrant.

In a combination gravity- and forced-feed sytem, water is ___ pumped into the water distribution system.

Outlet piping with screening should be installed above the floor line to prevent any ___ that may occur as water is transported out of a tank.

A(n) ___ is a device attached to a gate valve that provides a mean to operate a buried gate valve and indicates whether the valve is closed or open.

To offset power use and water demand times, water storage areas should be filled ___.

A(n) ___ is required only when the native trench bottom does not provide a firm working platform for the placement of pipe bedding material.

The ___ of the area served is the greatest factor in determining whether pumped pressure is needed to deliver water to each water service.

The ___ of the area served is the greatest angle above the horizontal plane at which a material will lie without sliding back into the trench.

The ___ is the base of hydrant, connects to the lower barrel, and contains the main operating valve, drain valve, and connection to the water distribution branch pipe.

The four basic types of piping networks are the ___, radial, grid, and loop piping networks.

A gravity feed system is significantly more expensive than a forced pressure system.

Trench boxes are used for stable or unstable soil.

Backflow-prevention-assembly protection of the water distribution system at the water service pipe is called containment.

Spacing is the use of pipe clamps and threaded roads to restrain pipe joints.

The distribution system is normally used in rural or arctic areas in North America where piped systems are not practical.

The average daily consumption volume should equal approximately 25% to 30% of a storage tank.

The thrust pressure used to design thrust blocks is usually 1-1/2 times the maximum working pressure of the system.

The width of a trench is typically over 15' (4.6m).

Gate valves are used to isolate sections of main distribution lines, trunk lines, and branch lines.

A dead and piping network is sometimes called a tree network.