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- 1. Multiple Choice
What impact did this innovation have on daily life?
It increased the regional differences among various groups of people across the country.
It became a major method of long-distance communication for many years.
It allowed people to sign legal documents from across the country.
It was the government’s only method to negotiate with foreign leaders.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best completes this excerpt?
equal pay
own property
a public education
vote
- 3. Multiple Choice
The economic growth demonstrated by this recruitment letter was primarily a result of —
the passage of strict federal labor laws
the abolition of the slave trade
the expansion of the cottage industry system
the new production methods of industrialization
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which term best completes this excerpt?
Second Great Awakening
temperance movement
Era of Good Feelings
abolitionist movement
- 5. Multiple Choice
Why did slavery become a widespread practice in the United States during the early nineteenth century?
The system of indentured servitude was banned.
The need for agricultural labor increased as a result of expanded cotton production.
Improved transportation systems made it easier for workers to migrate.
Advancements in technology led to the need for skilled workers.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which factor contributed to the founding of new religious groups in the United States?
Freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights
Expansion of individual voting rights
Growth of abolitionist movements
Beliefs expressed by Transcendentalists
- 7. Multiple Choice
The communities in this list were established in America during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. What did they have in common?
They were dedicated to improving working conditions in factories.
They served as refuges for escaped slaves.
They attempted to expand suffrage.
They were devoted to creating ideal societies.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which box lists three factors that contributed most to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the United States?
- 9. Multiple Choice
The development of the factory system in the early 1800s caused —
a decrease in free trade between nations
an increase in government regulation of businesses
an increase in production levels
a decrease in immigration
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which change occurred as a direct result of these developments?
A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states
The expansion of manufacturing into the western territories
A reduction in trade with European countries
The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories
- 11. Multiple Choice
The statistics in this table illustrate population changes associated with —
the rise of industrialism in the United States
the establishment of a federal income tax
a prolonged food shortage in the United States
a lengthy war over disputed territory
- 12. Multiple Choice
Irish and Chinese immigrants are best remembered for performing which type of labor during the late nineteenth century?
Building dams in the midwestern states
Digging canals across northern states
Building railroads in western territories
Constructing bridges in southern states
- 13. Multiple Choice
The reform efforts of Dorothea Dix during the mid-nineteenth century led to —
improved education for immigrant children
the creation of worker safety regulations
the expansion of suffrage for women
improved facilities for the mentally ill and disabled
- 14. Multiple Choice
How did the growth of the railway system during the nineteenth century affect the U.S. economy?
By helping expand the commercial markets of U.S. companies
By making it easier for people in rural areas to work in urban factories
By helping strengthen the economic ties between U.S. and British companies
By permitting faster communication between corporate leaders and their employees
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was most responsible for the revolution described in this excerpt?
Expanded public education
Rapid technological innovation
Increased government spending
Rapid territorial expansion
- 16. Multiple Choice
Why did Congress honor this woman by putting her on a coin?
Because she was an influential First Lady
Because she designed the nation’s first flag
Because she fought for women’s suffrage
Because she was the first woman elected to Congress
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which factor encouraged more immigrants to settle in northern states than southern states during the mid-nineteenth century?
Northern states had lower population densities.
Citizenship requirements in southern states were not as strict.
Southern states had smaller industrial sectors.
Governments in northern states were less corrupt.
- 18. Multiple Choice
The completion of the Erie Canal played a key role in which development?
New York City becoming a vital commercial center with the country’s busiest seaport
New Orleans becoming a leader in manufacturing and overseas trade
Washington, D.C., becoming the cultural and political center of the nation
Boston becoming one of the country’s largest transportation hubs
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which sentence best completes this diagram?
Cities grew rapidly.
Demand for artisans increased.
Farms experienced a shortage of labor.
Government regulation of factories increased.
- 20. Multiple Choice
One environmental consequence of the large-scale cultivation of cotton in the South was —
widespread soil exhaustion caused by decades of farming
drought caused by overuse of river water to irrigate farmland
air pollution caused by the use of cotton gins
widespread water contamination caused by fertilizer runoff
- 21. Multiple Choice
How did advancements in industrial technologies affect businesses during the late nineteenth century?
By making handcrafted goods more affordable
By improving production methods and increasing competition
By forcing producers to manufacture multiple products
By causing an increase in wages for factory workers
- 22. Multiple Choice
One result of the trend shown in this table was the —
expansion of available labor
creation of specialized trade guilds
decrease in educational opportunities for women
increase in production costs for manufacturers
- 23. Multiple Choice
What was one result of industrialization in the United States during the mid-1800s?
Sectional differences increased.
The federal government prohibited immigration.
Job opportunities decreased.
Fewer public lands were devoted to transportation.
- 24. Multiple Choice
The economies of the new western states were very different from those of the northeastern states in the mid-1800s. One major difference was that western states —
relied on subsistence farming
used natural harbors for shipping
focused on mining and agriculture
traded freely with other nations
- 25. Multiple Choice
Who made this statement?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Harriet Tubman
Phillis Wheatley
- 26. Multiple Choice
How did the War of 1812 most affect the U.S. economy?
Disruption in trade contributed to domestic industrial growth.
Small farmers benefited from higher export prices for grain crops.
The sale of treasury bonds to international companies was prohibited.
New trade alliances resulted in increased foreign investment.
- 27. Multiple Choice
How did this invention contribute to the expansion of the plantation system?
By reducing the number of slaves needed for growing cotton
By increasing the time needed to cultivate cotton
By increasing the profitability of slavery
By reducing the demand for raw cotton
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of these occurred during early U.S. industrialization?
Manufacturers instituted a five-day workweek.
Labor laws required factories to provide a safe working environment.
Workers were required to attend schools to develop technical skills.
Production of goods transitioned from homes to factories.
- 29. Multiple Choice
How did the growth of these organizations most affect the role of women in U.S. society?
By providing economic opportunities for women in urban areas
By expanding the participation of women in social reform
By increasing the number of women teachers in rural areas
By securing the establishment of private universities for women
- 30. Multiple Choice
Between 1846 and 1855 the population of Ireland decreased by a third, including the approximately 1.5 million Irish immigrants who left for the United States. What was the primary reason for this migration?
Massive unemployment resulting from British occupation
Political unrest during an economic recession
Famine caused by a major crop failure
Civil war between Catholics and Protestants
- 31. Multiple Choice
The Hudson River School artists were influenced by the —
success of social reform movements in the United States
migration of settlers to the U.S. frontier
natural landscape of the United States
environmental effects of U.S. industrialization
- 32. Multiple Choice
These environmental modifications were made in order to construct —
permanent housing for immigrants in urban areas
canals that linked the Midwest to the Northeast
a transcontinental railroad
a harbor on the Mississippi River
- 33. Multiple Choice
Which factor accounts for this trend?
The Second Great Awakening motivated people to join reform movements. .
Manifest Destiny inspired many people to become homesteaders.
Jacksonian Democracy allowed more people to vote in elections.
The Industrial Revolution encouraged people to pursue jobs in cities
- 34. Multiple Choice
These innovations in agriculture and industry resulted in —
higher consumer costs
decreased profits for investors
less consumer choice
more efficient production of goods
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which economy and contributing factor best complete this table?
1) Large farms; 2) Slaves used for labor
1) Cottage industry; 2) Mild weather that attracted immigrants
1) Mining; 2) Metal ores and minerals
1) Ranching; 2) Railroads to transport cattle to market
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which movement did Emerson lead?
Temperance
Abolitionism
The Second Great Awakening
Transcendentalism
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which factor best completes this diagram?
New transportation systems
Increased government regulation
A decline in agricultural production
The growth of labor unions
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which quotation from this letter reveals the main reason for the surge in Irish immigration to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century?
“I am exceedingly well pleased at coming to this land of plenty.”
“I would advise all my friends to quit Ireland. . . .”
“What you labour for is sweetened by contentment and happiness. . . .”
“There is no failure in the potato crop. . . .”
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which box lists some results of improved steamboat technology in the United States as of the mid-1830s?
- 40. Multiple Choice
How did Samuel Morse’s best-known innovation contribute to U.S. growth and development?
It enabled instantaneous long-distance transmission of information.
It allowed manufactured goods to be produced at lower costs.
It boosted the speed of cross-country mail delivery.
It increased national unity by reducing sectional differences.
- 41. Multiple Choice
What was another reason Congress passed this act in 1862?
To promote settlement in the West
To protect industry in the Northeast
To improve transportation in the South
To transport manufactured goods to the East
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which group was among the first to call for an end to slavery?
American Indians, because they viewed the plight of slaves as similar to their own
Quakers, because slavery contradicted their religious beliefs
British loyalists, because Great Britain had ended the slave trade
Puritans, because the New England economy did not rely on slavery
- 43. Multiple Choice
What was one major effect of the Second Great Awakening?
Churches turned away from public politics and focused on internal religious issues.
People were inspired to join reform movements to address social problems.
Religious leaders petitioned legislatures to extend suffrage to women.
Politicians were encouraged to promote states’ rights rather than federal unity.
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which sentence best completes the diagram?
The supply of British goods decreases. .
Congress ends the European embargo.
Exports to Great Britain increase.
Congress reduces tariffs
- 45. Multiple Choice
These developments occurred as a result of increased —
industrialization
westward migration
expansion of U.S. territory
government regulation of business
- 46. Multiple Choice
The innovation shown in this photograph most affected the U.S. economy by —
decreasing the need for canals
allowing more efficient movement of goods
reducing the costs of settling in western territories
transporting workers from southern states to northern states
- 47. Multiple Choice
Why did the economies of western territories develop so differently from the economies of the Northeast and South?
Western territories had limited land and a large immigrant population.
Western territories had natural harbors and many navigable rivers.
Western territories had rocky soil and a large supply of slave labor.
Western territories had inexpensive land and abundant natural resources.
- 48. Multiple Choice
The Second Great Awakening was a movement that promoted —
spiritual revival and the need for social reform
the use of reason and scientific theory
states’ rights and governmental reform
mercantilism and the development of global trade
- 49. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes a result of industrialization in the United States during the mid-nineteenth century?
People moved to cities in search of economic opportunity.
Farmers began to cultivate land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Native peoples were forcibly relocated to western territories.
Government officials began to promote the idea of Manifest Destiny.
- 50. Multiple Choice
How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy?
The use of federal paper currency increased.
Agricultural imports increased.
Imports of raw materials increased.
Manufacturing increased.
- 51. Multiple Choice
What was one major effect of the Erie Canal on the United States in the early nineteenth century?
The rapid growth of cities in the Northeast
A rise in cotton exports to the United Kingdom
An increase in the cost of shipping goods to Europe
A decrease in trade between settlers and American Indians
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