The system of indentured servitude was banned.

The need for agricultural labor increased as a result of expanded cotton production.

Improved transportation systems made it easier for workers to migrate.

Advancements in technology led to the need for skilled workers.

Freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights

Expansion of individual voting rights

Growth of abolitionist movements

Beliefs expressed by Transcendentalists

a decrease in free trade between nations

an increase in government regulation of businesses

an increase in production levels

a decrease in immigration

A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states

The expansion of manufacturing into the western territories

A reduction in trade with European countries

The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories

Building dams in the midwestern states

Digging canals across northern states

Building railroads in western territories

Constructing bridges in southern states

improved education for immigrant children

the creation of worker safety regulations

the expansion of suffrage for women

improved facilities for the mentally ill and disabled

By helping expand the commercial markets of U.S. companies

By making it easier for people in rural areas to work in urban factories

By helping strengthen the economic ties between U.S. and British companies

By permitting faster communication between corporate leaders and their employees

Northern states had lower population densities.

Citizenship requirements in southern states were not as strict.

Southern states had smaller industrial sectors.

Governments in northern states were less corrupt.

New York City becoming a vital commercial center with the country’s busiest seaport

New Orleans becoming a leader in manufacturing and overseas trade

Washington, D.C., becoming the cultural and political center of the nation

Boston becoming one of the country’s largest transportation hubs

widespread soil exhaustion caused by decades of farming

drought caused by overuse of river water to irrigate farmland

air pollution caused by the use of cotton gins

widespread water contamination caused by fertilizer runoff

By making handcrafted goods more affordable

By improving production methods and increasing competition

By forcing producers to manufacture multiple products

By causing an increase in wages for factory workers

Sectional differences increased.

The federal government prohibited immigration.

Job opportunities decreased.

Fewer public lands were devoted to transportation.

relied on subsistence farming

used natural harbors for shipping

focused on mining and agriculture

traded freely with other nations

Disruption in trade contributed to domestic industrial growth.

Small farmers benefited from higher export prices for grain crops.

The sale of treasury bonds to international companies was prohibited.

New trade alliances resulted in increased foreign investment.

Manufacturers instituted a five-day workweek.

Labor laws required factories to provide a safe working environment.

Workers were required to attend schools to develop technical skills.

Production of goods transitioned from homes to factories.

Massive unemployment resulting from British occupation

Political unrest during an economic recession

Famine caused by a major crop failure

Civil war between Catholics and Protestants

success of social reform movements in the United States

migration of settlers to the U.S. frontier

natural landscape of the United States

environmental effects of U.S. industrialization

It enabled instantaneous long-distance transmission of information.

It allowed manufactured goods to be produced at lower costs.

It boosted the speed of cross-country mail delivery.

It increased national unity by reducing sectional differences.

American Indians, because they viewed the plight of slaves as similar to their own

Quakers, because slavery contradicted their religious beliefs

British loyalists, because Great Britain had ended the slave trade

Puritans, because the New England economy did not rely on slavery

Churches turned away from public politics and focused on internal religious issues.

People were inspired to join reform movements to address social problems.

Religious leaders petitioned legislatures to extend suffrage to women.

Politicians were encouraged to promote states’ rights rather than federal unity.

Western territories had limited land and a large immigrant population.

Western territories had natural harbors and many navigable rivers.

Western territories had rocky soil and a large supply of slave labor.

Western territories had inexpensive land and abundant natural resources.

spiritual revival and the need for social reform

the use of reason and scientific theory

states’ rights and governmental reform

mercantilism and the development of global trade

People moved to cities in search of economic opportunity.

Farmers began to cultivate land west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Native peoples were forcibly relocated to western territories.

Government officials began to promote the idea of Manifest Destiny.

The use of federal paper currency increased.

Agricultural imports increased.

Imports of raw materials increased.

Manufacturing increased.

The rapid growth of cities in the Northeast

A rise in cotton exports to the United Kingdom

An increase in the cost of shipping goods to Europe

A decrease in trade between settlers and American Indians