F To encourage the reader not to waste food.

H To demonstrate that creativity can help solve environmental problems.

A This means that sometimes there is well over 100-degree difference between a chickadee's body and the arm temperature only an inch away. (paragraph 3)

B Without any feathered insulation, heat would quickly be lost and much energy wasted in attempting to keep their toes as warm as the rest of the body. (paragraph 6)

C Since they don't have crops in which they can store food to eat later, they must eat enough each day to survive the long, 18-hour night. (paragraph 9)

A change in tone

B vivid imagery

C rhythm

G cheerful energy

H curiosity

J mutual respect

A loneliness

B affection

C acceptance

D security

F gratefulness

G cheerful energy

H curiosity

G They are plump-looking critters, with black, white, and gray feathers, and they live year-round in the forests of North America, from Alaska through Canada and across northern states.

J Although fragile in many ways, the tiny black-capped chickadee shows how tough it really is by surviving the bitterly cold winters of northern North American.

A Storing food in bark

B Allowing feet to become fold

C Drinking water from icicles

F realizes that winter is coming

G spends time collecting food

H tends to get hungrier as it gets colder

J becomes aware that winter is finally ending

A By explaining the origin of the Keep Calm motto and its current popularity, the author emphasizes how the motto's use has changed over time.

B By comparing the way the Keep Calm motto was used during World War II with the way it is used today, the author suggests that the motto's effectiveness has diminished.

F The Keep Calm poster that Manley discovered dates back to the start of World War II.

G Two of the three posters were displayed in public at the start of the war in order to raise the morale of the British people.

J Today, interpretations of the slogan are often lighthearted, but it is important to remember the significance of the motto's original intent.

F stress that the characters experience as a result of their responsibility

H conflicting viewpoints of the characters

A promising him that he will find great fame on the Internet

B explaining to him that she was too busy taping the football game to see his performance

C telling him that he will be on a video with others who also sang the national anthem at football games

D reminding him that singing the national anthem is something most people are not brave enough to do